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Human Anatomy > Anatomy 4.2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 4.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

Proximal tibiofibular

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2
Q

Genu varum

A

Knee more abducted

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3
Q

Genu valgum

A

Knee more adducted

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4
Q

Varus

A

Displacement to the distal part of the limb toward midline

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5
Q

Valgus

A

Displacement of the distal part of the limb away from the midline

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6
Q

How does the patella move during flexion?

A

Inferior

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7
Q

How does the patella move during extension?

A

Superior

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8
Q

Which hip ligament is the strongest?

A

Illiofemoral

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9
Q

What are known as the extensor retinaculum?

A

Anteromedial and anterolateral portions of the capsule

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10
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum knee composed of?

A

Transverse and longitudinal fibrous bands connecting patella to surrounding structures

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11
Q

How can the MCL heal?

A

It has a relationship to the capsule

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12
Q

What does the MCL play a supportive role in?

A

Checking anterior tibial translation when ACL is absent

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13
Q

Which ligament is stronger ACL or PCL?

A

PCL

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14
Q

What are the primary lateral ankle ligaments?

A

Anterior talofibular

Calcaneofibular

Posterior talofibular

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15
Q

What are the medial ankle ligaments?

A

Anterior tibiotalar

Posterior tibiotalar

Tibiocalcaneal

Tibionavicular

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16
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly

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17
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly

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18
Q

What movements occur in the talocrural joint?

A

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion (convex on concave)

19
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

Articulation between the talus and the calcaneus

20
Q

How does subtalar joint function in closed chain?

A

Concave on convex (in closed chain most of the time)

21
Q

How does the subtalar joint function in open chain?

A

Convex on concave

22
Q

Supination of ankle

A

When weight is shifted on the outside of the foot and the arch raises

23
Q

Pronation of ankle

A

Weight is shifted from the heel to the forefoot and the arch flattens

24
Q

What are the functions of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Shock absorption and weight transmission

25
Q

What are the functions of the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Increases mobility

26
Q

What gender tears ACL more often?

A

Females

27
Q

What goes along with an ACL tear 2/3 of the time?

A

Meniscus tear

28
Q

How can you manually test an ACL tear?

A

Checking the anterior tibial displacement

29
Q

What is the most common ligament injury in the knee?

A

MCL

30
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome

A

Occurs with abnormal patellar tracking especially excessive lateral tracking with full knee extension

31
Q

What is one of the most common disabilities of the knee?

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

32
Q

What are symptoms of Patellofemoral syndrome?

A

Gradual onset of anterior knee pain with prolonged sitting, stairs, and squatting

33
Q

How can you examine Patellofemoral syndrome?

A

Excessive hamstring tightness

Rectus femoris and iliotibial inflexibility

34
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Repetitive microtrauma leading to injury (inflammation of plantar fascia)

35
Q

What are symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

A

Pain worse in the morning when they first get out of bed (due to flexing plantar all night)

36
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial hinge

37
Q

What articulates with the knee joint?

A

Two femorotibial articulations (lateral and medial)

One intermediate femoral patellar articulation

38
Q

What ligaments make up the knee joint? (Extracapsular)

A

Patellar ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Tibial collateral ligament

Oblique popliteal ligament

Arcuate popliteal ligament

39
Q

What ligaments make up the knee joint? (Intra articular)

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Meniscus

Transverse ligament of the knee

Medial meniscus

Lateral meniscus

40
Q

What are the movements in the knee joint?

A

Flexion and extension

(Little rotation when knee is flexed)

41
Q

How does the knee receive blood supply?

A

Through 10 vessels called the genicular anastomoses

42
Q

What nerves supply the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the knee?

A

Femoral, tibial, and common fibular nerves

43
Q

What nerves supply the medial aspect of the knee joint?

A

Saphenous (cutaneous) nerve

44
Q

Read clinical anatomy

A

Human Anatomy (26 decks)

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