Anatomy 4.2 Flashcards
What bones make up the knee joint?
Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral
Proximal tibiofibular
Genu varum
Knee more abducted
Genu valgum
Knee more adducted
Varus
Displacement to the distal part of the limb toward midline
Valgus
Displacement of the distal part of the limb away from the midline
How does the patella move during flexion?
Inferior
How does the patella move during extension?
Superior
Which hip ligament is the strongest?
Illiofemoral
What are known as the extensor retinaculum?
Anteromedial and anterolateral portions of the capsule
What is the extensor retinaculum knee composed of?
Transverse and longitudinal fibrous bands connecting patella to surrounding structures
How can the MCL heal?
It has a relationship to the capsule
What does the MCL play a supportive role in?
Checking anterior tibial translation when ACL is absent
Which ligament is stronger ACL or PCL?
PCL
What are the primary lateral ankle ligaments?
Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
What are the medial ankle ligaments?
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar
Tibiocalcaneal
Tibionavicular
Dorsiflexion
Talus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly
Plantarflexion
Talus rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly
What movements occur in the talocrural joint?
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion (convex on concave)
What is the subtalar joint?
Articulation between the talus and the calcaneus
How does subtalar joint function in closed chain?
Concave on convex (in closed chain most of the time)
How does the subtalar joint function in open chain?
Convex on concave
Supination of ankle
When weight is shifted on the outside of the foot and the arch raises
Pronation of ankle
Weight is shifted from the heel to the forefoot and the arch flattens
What are the functions of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Shock absorption and weight transmission
What are the functions of the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?
Increases mobility
What gender tears ACL more often?
Females
What goes along with an ACL tear 2/3 of the time?
Meniscus tear
How can you manually test an ACL tear?
Checking the anterior tibial displacement
What is the most common ligament injury in the knee?
MCL
Patellofemoral syndrome
Occurs with abnormal patellar tracking especially excessive lateral tracking with full knee extension
What is one of the most common disabilities of the knee?
Patellofemoral syndrome
What are symptoms of Patellofemoral syndrome?
Gradual onset of anterior knee pain with prolonged sitting, stairs, and squatting
How can you examine Patellofemoral syndrome?
Excessive hamstring tightness
Rectus femoris and iliotibial inflexibility
Plantar fasciitis
Repetitive microtrauma leading to injury (inflammation of plantar fascia)
What are symptoms of plantar fasciitis?
Pain worse in the morning when they first get out of bed (due to flexing plantar all night)
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial hinge
What articulates with the knee joint?
Two femorotibial articulations (lateral and medial)
One intermediate femoral patellar articulation
What ligaments make up the knee joint? (Extracapsular)
Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
What ligaments make up the knee joint? (Intra articular)
Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Meniscus
Transverse ligament of the knee
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
What are the movements in the knee joint?
Flexion and extension
(Little rotation when knee is flexed)
How does the knee receive blood supply?
Through 10 vessels called the genicular anastomoses
What nerves supply the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the knee?
Femoral, tibial, and common fibular nerves
What nerves supply the medial aspect of the knee joint?
Saphenous (cutaneous) nerve
Read clinical anatomy
