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Human Anatomy > Anatomy 2.1 Muscular > Flashcards

Anatomy 2.1 Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal striated muscle

A

Voluntary somatic muscle that makes up the gross skeletal muscles that compose the muscular system (eyeballs)

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2
Q

Cardiac striated muscle

A

Involuntary visceral muscle that forms most of the walls of the heart and adjacent parts of the great vessels (aorta)

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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary visceral muscle that forms part of the walls of most vessels and hollow organs (peristaltic contractions)

(Unstriated)

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4
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Parallel fibers often with an aponeurosis

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5
Q

Aponeuroses

A

When tendons of a muscle form flat sheets

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6
Q

Fusiform muscles

A

Spindle shaped with a round thick belly and tapered ends

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7
Q

Convergent muscles

A

Arise from a broad area and converge to form a single tendon

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8
Q

Circular muscles

A

Surround a body opening, constricting it when contracted

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9
Q

Digastric muscles

A

Have two bellies

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10
Q

What do tonic contractions provide?

A

The muscle with a certain firmness, assisting the stability of joints and maintenance of posture (keeping muscle ready to respond to stimuli)

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11
Q

What are the two types of Phasic contractions?

A

Isotonic contractions

Isometric contractions

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12
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscles changes length in relationship to the production of movement

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13
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle length remains the same (resist movement)

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14
Q

What are the two types of isotonic contraction?

A

Concentric

Eccentric

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15
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortening (create movement)

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16
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthening (control movement)

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17
Q

Prime mover

A

Main muscle responsible for producing a movement of the body

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18
Q

Fixator

A

Steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movements are occurring in distal parts

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19
Q

Synergist

A

Complements the action of the prime mover

20
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the action of another muscle

21
Q

Motor unit

A

Consist of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

22
Q

What does muscle testing help do?

A

Diagnose nerve injuries

23
Q

What are the methods of muscle testing?

A

Person performs movements that resist those of the examiner

Examiner performs movements that resist those of the person

Electromyography (EMG)

24
Q

Absence of muscle tone

A

An antagonist muscle may cause a limb to assume an abnormal resting position

25
Q

What type of workout causes most muscle soreness?

A

Eccentric (more likely to produce microtears or periosteal irritation)

26
Q

What happens when there is a pulled muscle?

A

When a muscle elongates more than 1/3 of its resting position

27
Q

How are new skeletal muscles formed?

A

Through satellite cells (fuse with each other to form new skeletal muscle fibers)

28
Q

What happens to the muscle after traumatic injury?

A

It is composed of a disorganized mixture of muscle fibers and fibrous scar tissue

29
Q

When does hypertrophy of the myocardium occur?

A

When cardiac striated muscles are damaged (myocardium gets bigger to help supply heart with more blood)

30
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds muscle fibers

31
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds muscle fascicles

32
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds whole muscle

33
Q

What are examples of impairments?

A

Fracture, tear, severed nerve

34
Q

What are examples of activity limitations?

A

Activities of daily living (self care)

35
Q

What are examples of participation restrictions?

A

Stuff you do outside of home (weight lifting)

36
Q

Single joint muscles

A

Only crossing one joint

37
Q

Multi joint muscles

A

Crossing two joints

38
Q

Active insufficiency

A

Multi joint muscle shortens over both joints simultaneously and creates so much slack that muscle tension is lost

39
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

Multi joint muscle is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints so it cannot stretch any further

40
Q

What is the role of connective tissue layers in muscle function?

A

Limits lateral expansion of muscles during contraction

41
Q

What does moving joints closer together create?

A

More slack

42
Q

What does moving joints further apart create?

A

More tension

43
Q

Gross screening

A

Typically isometric

General appraisal of muscle strength

44
Q

Manual muscle testing

A

Typically isometric

Appraisal of strength of specific muscle

45
Q

Reflexive contraction

A

Automatic involuntary contractions

Human Anatomy (26 decks)

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