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Human Anatomy > Anatomy 4.1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Excessive anteversion

A

In toeing (exceeding 15°)

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2
Q

Retroversion

A

Out toeing

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3
Q

What holds the head of the femur in the acetabulum?

A

Acetabular labrum

Ligament of head of femur

Transverse acetabular ligament

Zona orbicularis

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4
Q

What does the pubifemoral ligament do?

A

Resists abduction, external rotation, and extension

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5
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament do?

A

Resist internal rotation and extension

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6
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

A

Resist extension, external rotation, and abduction

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7
Q

What is the role of the hip?

A

Weight bearing and primary functions are in closed chain

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8
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Large diarthrodial synovial ball and socket joint

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9
Q

Diarthrodial

A

Two parts of bone meeting covered by hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

What is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?

A

Femur

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11
Q

Why does the shaft of the femur have a slight anterior convexity?

A

Allows for shock absorption

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12
Q

What is a problem with having a coxa valga hip joint?

A

Decreased stability (bigger angle)

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13
Q

What is the problem with having a coxa vara hip joint?

A

Increased chance of femoral bench fracture (most common in kids and elderly)

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14
Q

Femoral torsion

A

Describes the relative rotation between bone shaft and the neck

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15
Q

What does a larger center edge angle add?

A

Stability

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16
Q

What does retroversion result in?

A

Coxa valga

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17
Q

What does the larger center edge angle refer to?

A

Amount of the femoral head that is covered by the acetabulum

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18
Q

Hip flexion

A

Spin with slight posterior glide of the femoral head on the acetabulum

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19
Q

Hip extension

A

Spin with slight anterior glide of the femoral head on the acetabulum

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20
Q

Hip abduction

A

Inferior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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21
Q

Hip adduction

A

Superior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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22
Q

Hip internal rotation

A

Posterior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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23
Q

Hip external rotation

A

Anterior glide of femoral head on acetabulum

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24
Q

What is the posterior surface of patella covered by?

A

Articular cartilage

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25
Q

What is the posterior surface of patella divided by?

A

Vertical ridge

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26
Q

How does the patella sit in full knee extension?

A

High on the anterior surface on the distal femur

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27
Q

How does the patella sit in full knee flexion?

A

Sinks more distally into the intercondylar notch

28
Q

Patella Baja

A

Shortening of quad tendon (patella sits below mid part of joint line)

29
Q

Patella Alta

A

Lengthening of quad tendon (patella sits above mid part of joint line)

30
Q

Which is larger between the medial and lateral tibial condyles?

A

Medial tibial Condyle is 50% larger (cartilage is 3x thicker on medial)

31
Q

What are characteristics of the menisci?

A

Increases stability by deepening tibial plateaus

Decreases friction by 20%

Increases contact area by 70%

Absorbs shock

Distributes pressure between femur and tibia in weight bearing

Balance Intra articular pressure of muscle action

32
Q

Screw home mechanism

A

Locking mechanism of knee as it nears final extension (femur rotates internally and tibia rotates externally)

33
Q

What happens in the open chain during knee extension?

A

Tibia glides anterior on femur (rotates externally)

34
Q

What happens in the closed chain during knee extension?

A

Femur glides posterior on tibia (rotates internally)

35
Q

What happens in the open chain during knee flexion?

A

Tibia glides posterior on femur (rotates internally)

36
Q

What happens in closed chain during knee flexion?

A

Femur glides anterior on tibia (rotates externally)

37
Q

What are the regions of the lower limb?

A

Gluteal region

Femoral region

Knee region

Posterior region of knee

Leg region

Talocrural region

Foot region

38
Q

What does the gluteal region consist of?

A

Buttocks

Gluteal fold

Hip region

39
Q

What does the femoral region consist of?

A

Femur

40
Q

Where does the transition from the trunk to the free lower limb occur?

A

In the inguinal region (groin)

41
Q

What does the knee region consist of?

A

Condyles of distal femur and proximal tibia

Head of fibula

Patella

42
Q

What does the posterior region of the knee include?

A

Well defined, fat filled hollow, transmitting neurovascular structures called popliteal fossa

43
Q

What does the leg region consist of?

A

Most of the tibia and fibula

44
Q

What does the talocrural region consist of?

A

Medial and lateral prominences that flank the ankle joint

45
Q

What does the foot region consist of?

A

Tarsus

Metatarsus

Phalanges

46
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Bony ring composed of the sacrum and right and left hip bones joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

47
Q

What forms the hip bone?

A

Fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

48
Q

Ilium

A

Forms largest part of hip bone and is superior to the acetabulum

49
Q

What does the body of the ilium join?

A

Pubis and ischium to form acetabulum

50
Q

What do the anterior superior and inferior iliac spines do?

A

Provide attachment for ligaments and tendons

51
Q

What does the iliac crest do?

A

Serves as a protective bumper and is an important site for attachment of muscles and deep fascia

52
Q

Ischium

A

Forms the postero inferior part of the hip bone

53
Q

What does the Pubis form?

A

Forms the anteromedial part of hip bone contributing to the anterior part of the acetabulum

54
Q

What does the pubis provide?

A

Proximal attachment for muscles of the medial thigh

55
Q

Femur

A

Longest and heaviest bone in the body and it transmits body weight from the hip bone to the tibia when you are standing

56
Q

Angle of inclination

A

How the head of the femur fits in the acetabulum

57
Q

What type of joint is the Hip joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial

58
Q

What does the hip joint articulate with?

A

Femoral head

59
Q

What ligaments are in the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament

60
Q

What movements occur in the hip joint?

A

Flexion and extension

Abduction and adduction

Medial and lateral rotation

Circumduction

61
Q

How does the hip joint get blood supply?

A

Retinacular arteries

62
Q

What is the anterior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

63
Q

What is the inferior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve

64
Q

What is the posterior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?

A

Branches from the nerve to the quadratus femoris

65
Q

What is the superior aspect of the hip joint innervated by?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

66
Q

Read clinical anatomy

A

Human Anatomy (26 decks)

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