Anatomy 1.1 Flashcards
What is regional anatomy?
Organization of the body into parts (head, trunk and neck) and paired upper and lower limbs
What is the emphasis of regional anatomy?
Placed on the relationship of various systematic structures like muscles, nerves, and arteries
What is an essential part of the regional anatomy approach?
Surface anatomy (providing a knowledge of what structures are visible or palpable)
What is systematic anatomy?
Based on the organization of tissues and organs of the body according to mutual functions
How do organ systems never function?
In isolation
Integumentary system
Consists of skin and its appendages (hair and nails)
Skeletal system
Bones and cartilage (provides support for the body and protects vital organs)
Articular system
Joints and their associated ligaments (connects the bony parts of skeletal system and provides sites where movements occur)
Muscular system
Muscles that act to move or position parts of the body
What does the Nervous system consist of?
Consists of CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (nerves and ganglia together with their motor and sensory endings)
What does the nervous system control?
Control and coordinates the function of organ systems
What does the circulatory system consist of?
Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Distribute fluids within the body
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart and blood vessels
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Propel and conduct blood through the body
What does the lymphatic system consist of?
A network of lymphatic vessels
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Withdraw excess tissue fluid from the body’s interstitial fluid compartment and filters it though lymph nodes and returns it to the blood stream
What does the digestive or alimentary system consist of?
Organs and glands associated with ingestion, mastication, deglutition, digestion, and absorption of food
What does the respiratory system consist of?
Air passages and lungs
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Supply oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
What does the urinary system consist of?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
What is the function of the urinary system?
Filter blood and produce, transport, store, and excrete liquid waste
Reproductive system
Consist of the gonads that produce oocytes and sperms and other genital organs concerned with reproduction
Endocrine system
Consist of discrete ductless glands as well as cells of the intestine and blood vessel walls and specialized nerve endings that secrete hormones
How are hormones distributed?
By the cardiovascular system to reach receptor organs
What do the glands in the endocrine system influence?
Metabolism and coordinate and regulate other processes
What is clinical (applied) anatomy?
Emphasized aspects of bodily structure and function important in the practice of medicine, dentistry, and allied health sciences
What does clinical (applied) anatomy combine?
Both regional and systemic approaches to studying anatomy and stresses clinical application
Human movement system
Comprises the anatomic structures and physiologic functions that interact to move the body
What is the 1st requirement of a human movement system for a practitioner?
Integrative knowledge of the human movement system and its component elements (anatomical structure and physiological functions)
What is the 2nd requirement of a human movement system for a practitioner?
Ability to evaluate and diagnose movement dysfunction in the clinical setting (using observation, instruments, or both)
What is the 3rd requirement of a human movement system for a practitioner?
Ability to identify physical impairments across various body systems that may be contributing to dysfunctional movement (muscle weakness, limited ROM)
What is the 4th requirement of a human movement system for a practitioner?
Ability to design an intervention program to address underlying impairments as well as the movement dysfunction itself
What does an effector system do in the human movement system?
Produces movement
What are the effector systems in the human movement system?
Muscular
Skeletal
Nervous System
What does a support system do in the human movement system?
Supports movement
What are the support systems in the human movement system?
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Endocrine
Integumentary
What is surface anatomy essential to?
Study of regional and clinical anatomy
What is surface anatomy used for?
Visualize and feel structures and layers
How does physical examination include the clinical application of surface anatomy?
Through observations and palpations
Which domain of the ICF model is information about an individuals anatomy most readily classified?
Body structure
What is diagnosis?
Systematic process to classify an individual into a category that guides intervention
Differential diagnosis
Process of differentiating between 2 or more conditions that share similar signs and symptoms (weakness in knees could be caused by injury to quad muscles or injury to spinal nerve)
Clinical reasoning process
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis and prognosis
Intervention
Outcomes
Which level of question involves the assessment of clinical data in making a diagnosis?
Evaluation
Evaluation
Processing the clinical data that has been collected
Clinical reasoning
Steps up to and including establishing diagnosis and treatment
Bodily structure in ICF model
Anatomy (the body part injured)
Bodily function in ICF model
Pain
Activity limitations in the ICF model
Activities of daily living inside the home (self care)
Participation restrictions in the ICF model
Limited outside the house (weight lifting)
