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300-F1 CPP > AIRWAY > Flashcards

AIRWAY Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation

A

Physical act of moving air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

Oxygenation

A

Loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin in bloodstream

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3
Q

Respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli and tissues of body

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4
Q

Another name for internal respiration is…

A

Cellular respiration

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5
Q

Another name for external respiration

A

Pulmonary respiration

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6
Q

During exhalation, ____ signal _____ as chest expands, which _____ respiration

A

Stretch receptor; apneustic center; inhibits

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7
Q

Inhalation/Exhalation Feedback Loop
which prevents overinflation of lungs

A

Herring-Breuer Reflex

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8
Q

What is FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen?

A

% O2 in inhaled air

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9
Q

Hyperventilate

A

Rapid / Deep
CO2 elimination exceeds production
PaCO2 decrease
Hypocapnia
Resp Alkalosis

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10
Q

Hypoventilate

A

Slow and Shallow
CO2 production exceeds elimination
PaCO2 increase
Hypercapnia
Resp Acidosis

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11
Q

Difference in O2 level,
high altitude vs closed space

A

Decreased PaO2 vs
Decreased amt of O2

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12
Q

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
primary; pH; compensation

A

Ex. Hypoglycemia
HCO3 decrease
pH decrease
pCO2 decrease

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13
Q

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
primary; pH; compensation

A

Ex. Hyperglycemia
HCO3 increase
pH increase
pCO2 increase

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14
Q

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
primary; pH; compensation

A

Ex. hypoventilate
pCO2 increase
pH decrease
HCO3 increase

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15
Q

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
primary; pH; compensation

A

Ex. hyperventilate
pCO2 decrease
pH increase
HCO3 decrease

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16
Q

Tracheal / Bronchial sound

A

Higher/louder pitch/intensity
Auscultate on trachea/sternum
Abnormal if heard elsewhere

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17
Q

Bronchiovesicular sound

A

Midrange pitch/intensity
1:1
Throughout but most at upper 1/3 chest

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18
Q

Vesicular sound

A

Low pitch/intensity
3:1
Throughout but mostly at base

19
Q

Wheezing

A

Continuous, HIGH pitch
“Whistle” due to constricted lower airway
Heard during in, ex, both

Asthma, COPD, …

20
Q

Rhonchi

A

Continuous, LOW pitch
“snoring/rumbling/gurgling” fluid in larger lower airways
During in, ex, both
@center of chest most prominent
Can clear by coughing

COPD, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, …

21
Q

Crackles sounds

A

Discontinuous, LOW pitch
“crackle/popping/bubbling” fluid in smaller lower airways
During early/late inspiration

Severe P.E., pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, …

22
Q

Stridor sounds

A

Loud, HIGH pitch
During inspiration
@upper airway above glottis

Upper airway obstruction

23
Q

Pleural Friction Rub sound

A

“stepping over snow, cat purr”
LOW pitch, Both In & Out
@one spot

24
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

A

apnea, gradual increase, gradual decrease, apnea

due to cardiac insult —> brainstem insult
Or during none-REM sleep

25
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

deep, shallow —> deep, labored, gasping

sweet odor

seen in diabetic ketoacidosis

26
Q

Biot (Ataxic) Respirations

A

irregular pattern, rate, depth with intermittent apneas

due to increased ICP

27
Q

Agonal Gasps

A

slow, shallow, irregular or occasional gasping breath

Due to cerebral anoxia; may be seen when cardiac arrest

(brain sending signal even after heart stopped)

28
Q

Normal Arterial pH

A

7.35-7.45

29
Q

Normal Arterial PaO2

A

80-100mmHg

30
Q

Normal Arterial PaCO2

A

35-45mmHg

31
Q

SaO2

A

> 95%

32
Q

LEMON

A

Look externally
Evaluate 3-3-2
Mallampati classification
Obstruction
Neck mobility

33
Q

Things to consider for L from LEMON

A

short thick neck, morbid obesity, dental conditions

34
Q

Things to consider for E from LEMON

A
  • Mouth opening 3 fingerbreadths
  • 3 fingerbreadths tip of chin to hyoid bone
  • 2 fingerbreadth from hyoid bone to thyroid notch
35
Q

Things to consider for M from LEMON

A

Class I: posterior pharynx fully visible
Class II: posterior pharynx partially exposed
Class III: only base of uvula exposed; no post pharynx
Class IV: no structure visible

36
Q

Things to consider for O from LEMON

A

anything that can interfere with intubation: foreign body, obesity, hematoma, masses, dentures, etc

37
Q

Things to consider for N from LEMON

A

goal is sniffing position (tripod)

Trauma? Elderly?

38
Q

Murphy’s Eye

A

Secondary hole at the side of the far end of ET tube to allow ventilation even if bevel gets occluded

39
Q

ET Tube for female

A

7.0 7.5 8.0

40
Q

ET Tube for male

A

7.5 8.0 8.5

41
Q

Et Tube for peds

A

2.5 3.0 3.5
No cuff

42
Q

Which finger to help determine right ET Tube?

A

Pinky finger to pick their nose

43
Q

Why no cuff on ET Tube for peds?

A

Their glottis to cricoid ring is funnel shaped; narrowing down distally

44
Q

Vallecula

A

Notch between the tongue and epiglottis

Depressed with tip of laryngoscope blade to lift the epiglottis up out of the way

300-F1 CPP (16 decks)

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