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300-F1 CPP > A&P: Skeletal System - Bone Tissue > Flashcards

A&P: Skeletal System - Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Bone

A

Support (structural / muscle attach)
Protect
Movement Assistance (leverage)
Mineral Homeostasis (esp Ca+2)
Blood Cell Production (@red bone marrow)
Triglyceride Storage (@yellow bone marrow)

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2
Q

Parts of Long Bone

A

Articular Cartilage
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Periosteum
Endosteum
Medullary Cavity

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3
Q

Diaphysis

“growing btwn”

A

main shaft or body of the long bone

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4
Q

Epiphysis

A

proximal and distal ends of long bone

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5
Q

Metaphysis

A

region between epiphysis and diaphysis

epiphyseal plate -> epiph line

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6
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

covers part of epiphysis

f(x) absorb shock and reduce friction @ joints

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

covers bone

outer layer - dense
inner layer - osteogenic layer

blood supply included

attached to bone by Perforating Fiber (Sharpey’s Fibers)

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8
Q

Perforating Fibers

A

connects periosteum and bone tissue together

aka Sharpey’s Fibers

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9
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow cylindrical space; contains marrow (red -> yellow)

lined with endosteum

aka marrow cavity

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10
Q

Endosteum

A

single layer of osteogenic cells

lines Medullary Cavity

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11
Q

Cell Types of Bone Tissues

A

osteogenic cells

osteoblasts

osteoclasts

osteocytes

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12
Q

Osteoprogenitor Cells

A

unspecialized bone stem cells

cell division into osteoblasts

@ periosteum, endosteum, canals within bone

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13
Q

Osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

tissue metabolism
maintain mineral concentration

turned from osteoblasts

@ lacunae

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14
Q

Osteoblast

A

bone building cells

forms bone extracellular matrix for calcification turns into osteocyte

@ any growing portions (in&out)

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15
Q

Osteoclast

A

bone resorption

developed from fusion of monocytes
@ Endosteum

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16
Q

Haversian Canals

A

longitudinal canals

surrounded by concentric Lamellae

17
Q

Haversian Systems

A

arrangements of concentric lamellae
aka Osteons

18
Q

Lamellae

A

plates of mineralized extracellular matrix

19
Q

Lacunae
“lake”

A

spaces where osteocytes are located

20
Q

Perforating Canal

A

transverse canal that connects periosteum level into haversian canal

Periosteal Arteries and nerves

aka Volkmann’s Canal

21
Q

Trabeculae

A

irregular lattice pattern

makes it look spongy

22
Q

Nutrient Canal

A

Nutrient Arteries at oblique angle
leads from Nutrient Foramen, into Medullary Cavity

23
Q

Compact Bone

A

consists of Osteons

over spongy bone

strongest form

24
Q

Spongy Bone

A

consists of trabeculae

forms most of short, flat, irregular bone and epiphyses

resistance along the line of stress

25
Q

Ossification

A

process of bone tissue forming

aka osteogenesis

26
Q

2 Types of Embryonic Formation

A

Endochondral Ossification and Intramembranous Ossification

27
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

bone replaces hyaline cartilage

  1. cartialge model develops (mesenchymal cells -> chondroblast -> cartilage model)
  2. cartilage model grows thru cell division @ shaft
  3. primary ossification center forms @ shaft
  4. development of medullary cavity by osteoclast
  5. secondary ossification center forms @ ends of bone
  6. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate forms

ex) long bones

28
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

bone replaces mesenchyme

  1. osteoblasts secrete organic extracelluar matrix
  2. calcification (osteoblasts -> osteocyte)
  3. formation of spongy bone trabeculae (working around blood vessels)
  4. development of periosteum (mesenchyme at periphery of the bone)

ex) flat bones

29
Q

Interstitial Growth of Bone

A

growth in length

epiphyseal plate -> epiphyseal line

30
Q

Appositional Growth of Bone

A

growth in thickness

31
Q

Factors Affecting Bone Growth and Remodeling

A

minerals, vitamins, hormones, stress endured

32
Q

Pott’s Fracture

A

Fx of distal end of fibula w/ serious injury to distal tibial articulation

33
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

Fx of distal end of radius; FOOSH

34
Q

Bone Repair Process

A
  1. Reactive Phase - hematoma formation
  2. Reparative Phase - fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  3. Reparative Phase - bony callus formation (spongy bone)
  4. Bone remodeling - peripheral spongy bone -> compact bone
35
Q

Roel of Ca2+

A

blood clotting
nerve/muscle cells function
cofactor for enzymatic processes

36
Q

When Ca2+ goes down…

A
  1. parathyroid gland detects
  2. cAMP⬆️
  3. PTH⬆️
  4. Osteoclasts bone resorption ⬆️
    Kidneys loss of Ca2+ ⬇️
    Calcitriol (vitamin D) ⬆️

Ca2+⬆️

37
Q

When Ca2+ goes up…

A
  1. thyroid gland detects
  2. parafollicular cells secrete Calcitonin
  3. osteoclasts activity ⬇️
    osteoblast activity ⬆️
    Ca2+ deposition ⬆️

Ca2+ lowers in bloodstream

300-F1 CPP (16 decks)

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