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300-F1 CPP > A&P: Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

A&P: Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

4 Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial / Connective / Muscular / Nervous

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

protective AND selective barrier that covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs

secretory that forms parts of glands

own nerve supply but avascular

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3
Q

Connective Tissue

A

protect, supports, binds organs, energy storage, provide immunity

highly vascular

most abundant and widely distributed

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4
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

generate physical force for movement

generate body heat

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5
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

detect changes in body and respond by generating nerve impusles

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6
Q

Cell Junctions

A

contact points between plasma membrane of tissue cells

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7
Q

Tight Junctions

A

tight, water proof connections

ex) stomach, intestines, bladder

transmembrane proteins connecting

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8
Q

Adherens Junctions

A

resist separation during contractile activities

adhesion belt (plaque + microfilament, actin) and cadherin

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9
Q

Desmosomes

A

prevent cells from separation from each other; “spot weld”

plaque + intermediate filament (keratin), cadherin

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10
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

anchor cells to Basement Membrane; not other cell

plaque + keratin, integrin to laminin

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11
Q

Gap Junctions

A

gaps allow for ions/electro/chemical signals for communication

connexons (multiple connexins)

ex) cardiac muscle

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12
Q

Surfaces of Surface Epithelial Cells

A

apical (free)

lateral

basal

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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epith

A

single layer, flat

filtration and diffusion

@ kidneys, blood vessels in lung

for rapid passage, needs to be flat…

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14
Q

Endothelium

A

type of simple squamous

lines cardiovascular and lymphatic sys

“endo-” = “within/inner”

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15
Q

Mesothelium

A

forms epithelial layer of serous membrane (thoracic cavities)

pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

“meso-“ = “middle, intermediate”

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16
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epith

A

secretion and absorption

for things to secrete, cant be flat…

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17
Q

Nonciliated Simple Columnar Epith w/ Microvilli

A

allows great absorption

ex) GI tract

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18
Q

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epith

A

moves mucus and particles over the surface; beats in unison

ex) Fallopian tube, respiratory tract

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19
Q

Stratified Squamous Epith

A

protection agains abrasion, water loss, UV, microbes

ex) vagina, skin

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20
Q

Transitional Epith

A

“urothelium”

allows organ/tract to be stretched and allows recoil/relaxed

ex) urinary tract

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21
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

forms the secretory portion of glands

endocrine and exocrine

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22
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

secretes hormones; NO DUCT

secreted -> interstitial fluid -> bloodstream

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23
Q

Exocrine

A

secreted -> duct -> “outside” (surface or lumen of hollow organ)

ex) sweat, sebaceous, saliva, mammary

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24
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

R ER -> GC -> exocytosis’d

ex) salivary gland

25
Q

Apocrine Secretion

A

product gathers up -> part of cell pinched off as secretion -> cell repair follows

ex) mammary gland, sweat gland

26
Q

Holocrine Secretion

A

cell division -> mature cell rupture as secretory product

ex) sebaceous gland

27
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

material located between connective tissue cells

protein fibers + ground substance

28
Q

Fibroblasts

A

secretes components for Extracellular Matrix, fibers and ground substance

29
Q

Ground Substance

A

fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, calcified

support and bind cells, store water, allow exchange btwn blood and cells

composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides

30
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

main structural protein

parallel bundles of collagen

cushioning effect

31
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

elastic

elastin surrounded by fibrillin

32
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

supporting mesh network in organs

glycoprotein coated collagen arranged in find bundles

33
Q

Loose Connective Tissues

A

Areolar: “packing material/fill up”

Adipose: fat; insulation, cushion, energy storage

Reticular: structural part of organ

34
Q

Dense Connective Tissues

A

dense regular: tendon/ligament

dense irregular: fascia

elastic: aorta

35
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

mixture of reticular, collagen, elastic fibers

“packing material”

loose CT; most widely distributed

36
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

composed of adipocyte

fat; insulation, cushion, protection, energy storage

37
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A

composed of reticular fiber

structural part of organ

38
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

tensile strength along 1 direction

@tendons, ligaments

39
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A

pulling strength in different directions

@fascia

40
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

contains elastic fibers; can recoil

@aorta

41
Q

Cartilage

A

composed of collagen fibers and elastic fibers

lacks blood nerves or blood supply; slow repair

3 types: hyaline, fibrous, elastic

42
Q

Chrondrocytes

A

cartilage cells found in lacunae

43
Q

Perichondrium

A

covering of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

HAS nerves and blood vessels

44
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

provide flexibility and support

@ends of bones; joints

45
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

@ intervertebral discs / menisci, portions of tendon

46
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

provides strength and elasticity

@ external ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes

47
Q

Bone Tissue

A
48
Q

Liquid Connective Tissue

A

blood and lymph

49
Q

Membrane (Epithelial Membrane)

A

epithelial tissue + connective tissue

Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous Membranes

50
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

lines a cavity that opens directly to exterior

ex) digestive, respiratory, genital tracts

51
Q

Serous Membrane

A

lines cavity that doesn’t open directly to exterior; covers organs within the cavity

ex) thoracic or abdominal cavities

52
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

skin

53
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

lines joints

lacks epithelium

54
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

consists of muscle fibers (myocytes)

use ATP to generate force for: body movement, posture, generate heat, protection

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

55
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A

long, cylindrical, striated fibers

ex) biceps, quads, etc.

56
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A

branched, striated fibers

@heart

57
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue

A

nonstriated fibers, spindle-shape

@artery

58
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

consists of Neurons and Neuroglia

electrical excitability, so action potential

300-F1 CPP (16 decks)

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