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300-F1 CPP > A&P: Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

A&P: Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

4 Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial / Connective / Muscular / Nervous

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

protective AND selective barrier that covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs

secretory that forms parts of glands

own nerve supply but avascular

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3
Q

Connective Tissue

A

protect, supports, binds organs, energy storage, provide immunity

highly vascular

most abundant and widely distributed

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4
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

generate physical force for movement

generate body heat

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5
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

detect changes in body and respond by generating nerve impusles

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6
Q

Cell Junctions

A

contact points between plasma membrane of tissue cells

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7
Q

Tight Junctions

A

tight, water proof connections

ex) stomach, intestines, bladder

transmembrane proteins connecting

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8
Q

Adherens Junctions

A

resist separation during contractile activities

adhesion belt (plaque + microfilament, actin) and cadherin

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9
Q

Desmosomes

A

prevent cells from separation from each other; “spot weld”

plaque + intermediate filament (keratin), cadherin

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10
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

anchor cells to Basement Membrane; not other cell

plaque + keratin, integrin to laminin

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11
Q

Gap Junctions

A

gaps allow for ions/electro/chemical signals for communication

connexons (multiple connexins)

ex) cardiac muscle

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12
Q

Surfaces of Surface Epithelial Cells

A

apical (free)

lateral

basal

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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epith

A

single layer, flat

filtration and diffusion

@ kidneys, blood vessels in lung

for rapid passage, needs to be flat…

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14
Q

Endothelium

A

type of simple squamous

lines cardiovascular and lymphatic sys

“endo-” = “within/inner”

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15
Q

Mesothelium

A

forms epithelial layer of serous membrane (thoracic cavities)

pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

“meso-“ = “middle, intermediate”

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16
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epith

A

secretion and absorption

for things to secrete, cant be flat…

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17
Q

Nonciliated Simple Columnar Epith w/ Microvilli

A

allows great absorption

ex) GI tract

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18
Q

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epith

A

moves mucus and particles over the surface; beats in unison

ex) Fallopian tube, respiratory tract

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19
Q

Stratified Squamous Epith

A

protection agains abrasion, water loss, UV, microbes

ex) vagina, skin

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20
Q

Transitional Epith

A

“urothelium”

allows organ/tract to be stretched and allows recoil/relaxed

ex) urinary tract

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21
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

forms the secretory portion of glands

endocrine and exocrine

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22
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

secretes hormones; NO DUCT

secreted -> interstitial fluid -> bloodstream

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23
Q

Exocrine

A

secreted -> duct -> “outside” (surface or lumen of hollow organ)

ex) sweat, sebaceous, saliva, mammary

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24
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

R ER -> GC -> exocytosis’d

ex) salivary gland

25
Apocrine Secretion
product gathers up -> part of cell pinched off as secretion -> cell repair follows ex) mammary gland, sweat gland
26
Holocrine Secretion
cell division -> mature cell rupture as secretory product ex) sebaceous gland
27
Extracellular Matrix
material located between connective tissue cells protein fibers + ground substance
28
Fibroblasts
secretes components for Extracellular Matrix, fibers and ground substance
29
Ground Substance
fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, calcified support and bind cells, store water, allow exchange btwn blood and cells composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides
30
Collagen Fibers
main structural protein parallel bundles of collagen cushioning effect
31
Elastic Fibers
elastic elastin surrounded by fibrillin
32
Reticular Fibers
supporting mesh network in organs glycoprotein coated collagen arranged in find bundles
33
Loose Connective Tissues
Areolar: “packing material/fill up” Adipose: fat; insulation, cushion, energy storage Reticular: structural part of organ
34
Dense Connective Tissues
dense regular: tendon/ligament dense irregular: fascia elastic: aorta
35
Areolar Connective Tissue
mixture of reticular, collagen, elastic fibers “packing material” loose CT; most widely distributed
36
Adipose Tissue
composed of adipocyte fat; insulation, cushion, protection, energy storage
37
Reticular Connective Tissue
composed of reticular fiber structural part of organ
38
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
tensile strength along 1 direction @tendons, ligaments
39
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
pulling strength in different directions @fascia
40
Elastic Connective Tissue
contains elastic fibers; can recoil @aorta
41
Cartilage
composed of collagen fibers and elastic fibers lacks blood nerves or blood supply; slow repair 3 types: hyaline, fibrous, elastic
42
Chrondrocytes
cartilage cells found in lacunae
43
Perichondrium
covering of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage HAS nerves and blood vessels
44
Hyaline Cartilage
provide flexibility and support @ends of bones; joints
45
Fibrocartilage
@ intervertebral discs / menisci, portions of tendon
46
Elastic Cartilage
provides strength and elasticity @ external ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes
47
Bone Tissue
48
Liquid Connective Tissue
blood and lymph
49
Membrane (Epithelial Membrane)
epithelial tissue + connective tissue Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous Membranes
50
Mucous Membrane
lines a cavity that opens directly to exterior ex) digestive, respiratory, genital tracts
51
Serous Membrane
lines cavity that doesn’t open directly to exterior; covers organs within the cavity ex) thoracic or abdominal cavities
52
Cutaneous Membrane
skin
53
Synovial Membrane
lines joints lacks epithelium
54
Muscular Tissue
consists of muscle fibers (myocytes) use ATP to generate force for: body movement, posture, generate heat, protection skeletal, cardiac, smooth
55
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
long, cylindrical, striated fibers ex) biceps, quads, etc.
56
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
branched, striated fibers @heart
57
Smooth Muscle Tissue
nonstriated fibers, spindle-shape @artery
58
Nervous Tissue
consists of Neurons and Neuroglia electrical excitability, so action potential

300-F1 CPP (16 decks)

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