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300-F1 CPP > A&P: Genitals Systems > Flashcards

A&P: Genitals Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads

A

reproductive organs

male: testes
female: ovaries

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2
Q

Gametes

A

reproductive cells

male: sperm
female: secondary oocyte

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3
Q

Accessory Sex Glands [M]
f(x) and names

A

produce substances for gamete motility and protection

Seminal Vesicles / Prostate / Bulbourethral Glands

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4
Q

System of Ducts
f(x) and structures

A

transport and store sperm, assists in maturation, conveys them to the exterior

Epididymis, Ductus (vas) Deferens, Ejaculatory Ducts, Urethra

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5
Q

Supporting Structures [M]

A

Scrotum: supports testes

Penis: delivers sperm into female reproductive tract

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6
Q

Raphe

A

external median ridge of scrotum

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7
Q

Scrotal Septum

A

divides scrotum into two sacs

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8
Q

Dartos Muscle

A

muscle inside scrotum responsible for shrivel of scrotum to prevent heat loss

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9
Q

Cremaster

A

muscles in each side of scrotum that contracts testes closer to body to absorb heat

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10
Q

Tunica Vaginalis

A

serous membrane partially covering testes

has visceral and parietal layers

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11
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

layer within testes that forms septa to form lobules

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12
Q

Ducts of testis
order of sperm movement

A

seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules -> rete testis -> efferent ducts in epididymis -> ductus epididymis

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13
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

tubules where spermatogenesis takes place

1-3 per lobule

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14
Q

what two types of cells are contained in seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatogenic cells / Sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells or nurse cells)

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15
Q

Epididymis

A

site of sperm maturation (14-day process) where sperm acquire motility and ability to fertilize
consists of tightly coiled ductus epididymis

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16
Q

What structure in epididymis rebsorbs degenerated sperm?

A

Sterocilia, composed of long microvilli, located in free surfaces of pseudo-stratified columnar cells

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17
Q

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

A

thru peristaltic contractions, moves sperm towards back of urinary bladder; loops over the ureter and down to posterior surface of urinary bladder

starts from duct of epididymis; ends at ampulla of ductus deferens

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18
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

out of scrotum

contains ductus deferens, testicular arteries and veins, autunomic nerves, lymphatic vessels, cremaster muscle

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19
Q

Ejaculatory Ducts

A

single duct formed by seminal vesicle duct and ampulla of ductus deferens and ends at prostate urethra

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20
Q

Urethra

A

terminal duct of reproductive and urinary system

subdivided into prostatic, membranous, spongy (penile) urethra

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21
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

secretes alkaline fluid for sperm protection

contains fructose for sperm’s ATP production

clotting proteins included to ensure sperm doesn’t leak out from vagina

contents make up ~60% of semen volume

22
Q

Prostate

A

secretes milky fluid

slightly acidic fluid for sperm’s ATP production

enzymes to counter seminal fluid’s clotting proteins

antibiotic inlcuded

makes up ~25% of semen volume and contribute to sperm motility and viability

23
Q

Bulbourethral Glands

A

secretes alkaline fluid directly into spongy urethra to protect sperm from acidic environment

24
Q

Semen

A

mixture of sperm and other fluids

slightly alkaline (pH 7.2-7.7)

25
Q

Penis

A

contains spongy urethra, root (bulb and crus), body (corpora cavernosa penis x2 and corpus spongiosum penis)

26
Q

Prepuce

A

foreskin

27
Q

how does erection occur?

A

release of NO from parasymp fibers -> relaxation of smooth msucle -> increase arteriole flow in corpora cavernosa penis (which decreases venous blood flow)

28
Q

Ejaculation process

A

sympathetic reflex -> smooth muscle sphincter at base of urinary bladder closes -> contraction of penis musculature -> release

29
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

production of haploid sperm by seminiferous tubules

takes 65-75 days

30
Q

Process of Spermatogenesis

A

Mitosis of spermatogonia (2n)

Differentiation into primary spermatocyte (2n)

Meisosis I into 2 secondary spermatocyte (n)

Meiosis II into 4 Spermatids (n) (w/o cytokinesis)

Spermiogenesis, maturation into 4 individual sperm

Spermiation, entering lumen of seminiferous tubule

31
Q

Sustentacular Cells / Sertoli / Nurse Cells

A

support cells with tight junctions to form blood-testis barrier

functions:
nourish, phagocytize, control movements, produce fluid, secrete inhibin, regulate effects of testosterone and FSH, protect from immune response

32
Q

Leydig (interstitial) Cells

A

located out of seminiferous tubules, secreting testosterone (form of androgen)

33
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

spermatids into sperm

acrosome and flagella form

mitochondria multiply

nurse cell dispose excess cytoplasm

34
Q

Spermiation

A

sperm release from connection to nurse cell

sperm not able to swim yet

35
Q

Acrosome

A

at tip of sperm, has oocyte penetrating enzymes

36
Q

neck

A

contains centrioles forming microtubules that forms rest of tail

37
Q

middle

A

contains mitochondria

38
Q

Ovaries

A

produces secondary oocytes

secretes progesterone, estrogens, inhibin, relaxin

39
Q

Ovarian Epithelium

A

covers surface of ovary

40
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

white capsule of dense irregular connective tissue in ovary

41
Q

Ovarian Cortex

A

outer portion

contains ovarian follicles and stromal cells

42
Q

Ovarian Medulla

A

contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

43
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

A

transport route for secondary oocytes/fertilized ova ovaries to uterus

where sperm reach ovum

44
Q

Infundibulum

A

contains fimbraie to sweep secondary oocyte in from ovaries

btwn ovaries and fallopian tube

45
Q

Ampulla of fallopian tube

A

widest longest portion

46
Q

Isthmus of fallopian tube

A

joins uterus to fallopian tube

47
Q

Uterus

A

site of implantation of fertilized ovum, fetus development, labor

source of menstrual flow

48
Q

Layers of Uterine

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

49
Q

Endometrium

A

innermost layer of uterine

Stratum Functionalis
Stratum Basalis

50
Q

Straight Arterioles

A

supplies stratum basalis

300-F1 CPP (16 decks)

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