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Aeroplanlære - Kap 1 (Intro) Flashcards

1
Q

Which two systems of units is used in aviation?

A

SI and Imperial

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2
Q

1nm = m

A

1852 m

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3
Q

1m = ft

A

3.28 ft

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4
Q

How is speed defined?

A

Rate of change of distance

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5
Q

What is speed measured in usual?

A

Kts

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6
Q

What is kts measured in?

A

Nm/h

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7
Q

What is vertical speed measured in?

A

Feet per minute
fpm

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8
Q

What is the SI unit equivalent to kts?

A

km/h

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9
Q

What is the SI unit equivalent to fpm?

A

m/s

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10
Q

What is the conversion rate of 1 m/s to kts?

A

m/s = 0,514 * kts
Pilot math = Halve it

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11
Q

What is the conversion rate of 1 kts to m/s?

A

kts = m/s * 3600 / 1852

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12
Q

How is acceleration defined?

A

Rate of change of velocity

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13
Q

How is force calculated?

A

F = ma
Force = Mass * Acceleration

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14
Q

How is acceleration calculated?

A

a = ΔV/Δt
Acceleration = Change in velocity / Change in time

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15
Q

What is mass?

A

The quantity of matter a body possesses

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16
Q

What unit is mass measured in typically?

A

Kg

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17
Q

What is the conversion rate of kg to lb?

A

1 kg = 2,205 lb

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18
Q

How is momentum defined?

A

An object’s mass times it’s velocity
m * V

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19
Q

What happens to the speed of an aircraft if the forces acting on it are equal and opposite?

A

The aircraft remains at rest or continue in a straight line with the same speed

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20
Q

What unit is force measured in?

A

Newtons

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21
Q

When will a object not accelerate?

A

When the forces acting on it are in equilibrium

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22
Q

How fast would you speed up when falling from the sky towards earth due to earths gravitational field?

A

9,81 m/s^2

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23
Q

What unit is energy measured in?

A

Joules

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24
Q

Can the total amount of energy change?

A

No it will always stay the same, but is converted between kinetic, potential, heat etc.

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25
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy a mass possesses due to its motion

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26
Q

How is kinetic energy measured?

A

1/2 * m * V^2

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27
Q

What unit is Work measured in?

A

Joules

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28
Q

How is work calculated?

A

Work = force * distance

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29
Q

How is power defined?

A

Rate of doing work

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30
Q

What unit is power measured in?

A

Watt

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31
Q

How is power calculated?

A

Work / time = force*distance / time = Force * speed

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32
Q

What is newton’s first law?

A

An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force

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33
Q

What is newton’s second law?

A

The acceleration of a body in a straight line is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body

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34
Q

What is newton’s third law?

A

To each and every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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35
Q

What is the relative airflow relative too?

A

The aircraft

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36
Q

What point does all aircraft axes intercept?

A

CG
Center of gravity

37
Q

What is the name of the axis which you roll?

A

Longitudinal axis

38
Q

What is the name of the axis which you pitch?

A

Lateral axis

39
Q

What is the name of the axis which you yaw?

A

Normal axis

40
Q

Where is the wing tip located?

A

At the end of the wing furthest from the fuselage

41
Q

Where is the wing root located?

A

Where the wing joins the fuselage

42
Q

What is the wing span defined as?

A

The distance between the wing tips

43
Q

What is the gross wing area?

A

The area comprising the planform of the wing and the area of the fuselage

44
Q

What is the planform?

A

The outline shape of the wings when seen from above

45
Q

What is the average chord?

A

The mean geometric chord length of the wing

46
Q

How is aspect ratio defined?

A

The ratio of wing span to average wing chord

47
Q

Does a glider have a high aspect ratio?

48
Q

How is aspect ratio calculated?

A

Aspect ratio = span/chord = span^2 / area

49
Q

What is sweep angle?

A

The degree a wing is oriented backwards or forwards

50
Q

How is mean aerodynamic chord defined?

A

The MAC is a two-dimensional representation of the whole wing

51
Q

How are dihedral wings build?

A

The wing tips are designed to be higher than the wing root

52
Q

How are anhedral wings build?

A

The wing tips are designed to be lower than the wing root

53
Q

How do we measure gas?

A

We measure it as density

54
Q

Does air have a high density or low density compared to solid objects?

55
Q

What is air density at MSL on an average day?

A

1.225 kg/m^3

56
Q

How is mass flow calculated?

A

Mass flow = Front area^2 * V * 1.225kg/m3

57
Q

When will air density decrease?

A
  1. Air pressure - Decrease
  2. Temperature - Increase
  3. Humidity - Increase
58
Q

Why do we fell a static pressure constantly?

A

Since air is considered a fluid and particles in a fluid are always moving, we feel all those collisions against us as a force

59
Q

Is static pressure equal on all objects?

60
Q

What is static pressure over an area measured in?

A

Newtons per square meter (N/m^2)

61
Q

What is the symbol for static pressure?

A

With the greek letter “rho” = ρ

62
Q

What is the temperature a result of?

A

The kinetic energy of the vibrating molecules

63
Q

Does hot air use more space than cold air?

A

Yes, since particles move rapidly when they get hot

64
Q

If 1° Celcius increase with 1, how many does Kelvin increase?

A

1°, but Kelvin is 273° less than celcius

65
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The stickiness of a fluid

66
Q

What does viscosity describe?

A

The degree of difficulty the molecules have when they try to flow past one another

67
Q

Is water vapour heavier or lighter than air?

68
Q

What does ISA stand for?

A

International Standard Atmosphere

69
Q

What is the ISA atmosphere?

A
  1. At MSL temperature = 15° Celcius
  2. At MSL pressure = 1013.25 HPa
  3. At MSL density = 1,225 kg/m^3
  4. Lapse rate is 1,98°C per 1000’ up to the tropopause
70
Q

What is the temperature above the tropopause?

A

A constant of -56,5°C

71
Q

When can an aircraft only become airborne?

A

When it does work on the air to produce a force to oppose gravity

72
Q

Force produced as a result of during work on air is called what?

A

Aerodynamic force

73
Q

What is TAS?

A

True Air Speed
The actual speed of the aircraft relative to the air

74
Q

What is dynamic pressure?

A

The additional air pressure caused by air’s kinetic energy

75
Q

How is kinetic energy calculated?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2mV^2
m is the mass of an object and V is its velocity

76
Q

Does air have kinetic energy?

A

Yes since air has mass

77
Q

How is dynamic pressure calculated?

A

Dynamic pressure = 1/2pV^2 on each 1m^3
p is density
V is the TAS of the airflow

78
Q

What is IAS short for?

A

Indicated Air Speed

79
Q

How is IAS calculated?

80
Q

Explain how the airspeed indicator measures IAS

A

A capsule is fed dynamic pressure and is inflated

The static pressure compresses around it

81
Q

Is IAS an accurate measurement?

A

No it has errors

82
Q

Which errors does IAS measurement have?

83
Q

What is CAS short for?

A

Calibrated Air Speed

84
Q

Which correction do CAS have compared to IAS?

A

Instrument errors and predictable pressure errors

85
Q

Does an airliner display IAS or CAS?

86
Q

What is EAS short for?

A

Equivalent Air Speed

87
Q

Which correction do EAS have compared to CAS?

A

It is corrected for compressibility

88
Q

How is EAS calculated?

89
Q

Is it possible for IAS to exceed TAS?

A

Yes

Encountering a temperature inversion where warm air exists above cooler air can also cause IAS to exceed TAS because the air density measured by the pitot-static system might be greater than the actual air density through which the aircraft is flying

or

If an aircraft is flying into a strong headwind, the IAS will increase because the airspeed indicator measures the pressure differential

EK24 (29 decks)

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