aerobic respiration Flashcards
what occurs during glycolysis simply put
glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasm of a cell
what occurs in the first step of glycolysis
glucose is converted to hexose bisphosphate by an enzyme in a reaction called phosphorylation, two phosphate molecules are added from the break down of two ATP molecules
what happens in the second step of glycolysis
the molecule of hexose bisphosphate is converted into two molecules of triose phosphate
what happens in the third step of glycolysis
the two molecules of triose phosphate are converted into two molecules of pyruvate, the triose phosphate molecules are oxidised whilst two molecules of NAD are reduced into NADH, the two phosphate molecules are also removed to form 4 ATP in total
why is glucose converted into hexose bisphosphate in the first place
so that it cant escape the cell via facilitated diffusion, hexose bisphosphate is insoluble so cant exit the cell
what occurs after glycolysis
the two molecules of pyruvate are actively transported into the mitochondrial matrix where link reaction takes place
what occurs in the first step of the link reaction
pyruvate is converted into acetate by losing a carbon atom in the form of CO2 in the process of decarboxylation, and by losing a hydrogen atom in oxidation to a molecule of NAD
what happens in the second step of the link reaction
pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA by adding coenzyme A to acetate
which molecule in the link reaction apart from CoA is a coenzyme
NAD
what process comes after the link reaction
krebs cycle
what happens in the krebs cycle simply
acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate
how does citrate from oxaloacetate
looses 2 carbon atoms as carbon dioxide in decarboxylation, produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, reduced FAD
what is the name of the process which forms ATP in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
substrate-level phosphorylation
how many molecules are produced in glycolysis, the link reaction and krebs cycle
4
what process occurs after the krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
what happens during the electron transfer chain
electrons move through the proteins through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions to provide energy for the active transportation of protons into the intermembrane space from the mitochondria matrix
what is the final electron acceptor
oxygen
what does oxygen react with to produce water
electrons and protons
where do the electrons in the etc come from
they are given from the NADH and reduced FAD
how does the production of ATP occur in oxidative phosphorylation
from chemiosmosis where protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase creates ATP
how do you calculate the respiratory quotient
CO2 produced/O2 consumed
