Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
epitope
- the part of the antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself
time period of adaptive immunity
- slower than innate
potency of adaptive immunity
- more potent against infections than innate
what does adaptive immunity require in response to pathogens before it can provide effective defense?
- expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes
recognition mechanisms of innate immunity
- rapid response
- fixed
- limited number of specificities
- constant during response
recognition mechanisms of adaptive immunity
- slow response
- variable
- highly selective specificities
- improve during response
mature B cells called
- plasma cells
plasma cells secrete
- antibody
mature T cells called
- effector cells
roles of effector T cells
- helper cells
- directly kill infected cells
humoral immunity mediated by
- antibodies (B lymphocyte)
humoral immunity main mechanism for
- defending against extracellular pathogens
- block infections
cell-mediated immunity mediated by
- t lymphocytes
cell-mediated immunity best for
- eliminate microbes that survive within phagocytes
- eliminate microbes that infected cytosol of non-phagocytic cells
- kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection
function of adaptive immune system
- recognition of “non self” antigens in presence of “self”
- full elimination of pathogens or pathogen infected cells
- development of immunological memory to be reactivated if subsequent infections occur
B lymphocyte function
- secrete antibody
- neutralize microbe
- phagocytosis
- activate complement
helper T lymphocyte function
- antigen presented by APC
- release cytokines
- activation of macrophages
- inflammation
- activation of T and B lymphocytes
CTL function
- infected cell expresses antigen
- killing of infected cell
regulatory T lymphocyte function
- suppression of immune response
development of all immune cells starts where
- bone marrow
after naive lymphocytes have recognized foreign antigens to initiative the adaptive response, what do they need next
- signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
effector cells of CD4 lineage produce
- cytokines
effector cells of CD8 lineage are
- cytotoxic T lymphocytes
migration of: T
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- peripheral lymph node
- inflamed tissues
- lymph node and inflamed tissues
responsiveness to particular antigen of: T
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- very low
- high
- low
effector functions of: T
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- none
- secrete cytokines/CTLs
- none
membrane immunoglobulin isotope of: B
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- IgM and IgD
- IgG, IgA, IgE
- IgG, IgA, IgE
affinity of Ig produced by: B
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- low
- increases during response
- high
effector function of: B
- naive cell
- activated of effector lymphocyte
- memory lymphocyte
- none
- antibody secretion
- none
antibodies are expressed how
- membrane receptors
- secreted proteins
T cell antigen receptor expressed how
- only membrane receptors
What comprises the BCR or TCR
- antigen receptors
- attached signaling proteins
antigens recognized by BCR
- macromolecules
- proteins
- polysaccharides
- lipids
- nucleic acids
antigens recognized by TCR
- peptides by MHC on antigen presenting cells
diversity of BCR
10^9
diversity of TCR
10^11
antigen recognition of BCR mediated by
- variable regions of heavy and light chains on membrane IgG
antigen recognition of TCR mediated by
- variable regions of alpha and beta chains on TCR
signaling functions of BCR mediated by
- proteins on membrane Ig
signaling function of TCR mediated by
- proteins on membrane TCR
effector function of BCR mediated by
- constant region
effector function of TCR mediated by
- no effector function mediated
serum concentration levels of antibodies
IgG > IgA > IgM > IgE > IgD
GAMED
form of IgA
- dimer
form of IgM
- pentamer
form of IgG/E/D
- monomer
half life of: G A M E D
- 23
- 6
- 5
- 3
- 2
function of IgG
- microbe/toxin neutralization
- opsonization
- activation of complement
- antibody dependent NK cytotoxicity
- neonatal immunity
function of IgM
- activation of complement
function of IgA
- mucosal immunity
function of IgE
- helminth defense
- mast cell degranulation (allergies)
function of IgD
- naive B cell antigen receptor
MHC I found where
- on all healthy cells
MHC II found where
- on antigen presenting cells
- dendritic cells
- macrophages
- B cells
MHC I displays antigen from where
- within cytoplasm
MHC II displays antigen from where
- from within vesicles generally already phagocytosed
MHC I recognized by
- CD8
MHC II recognized by
- CD4
examples of CD4 effector cells
- TH1
- TH17
result of TH1 cytokine secretion
- macrophage activation
- killing of ingested microbes
result of TH17 cytokine secretion
- inflammation
- killing of microbe
