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IMM Exam 1 > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

epitope

A
  • the part of the antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself
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2
Q

time period of adaptive immunity

A
  • slower than innate
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3
Q

potency of adaptive immunity

A
  • more potent against infections than innate
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4
Q

what does adaptive immunity require in response to pathogens before it can provide effective defense?

A
  • expansion and differentiation of lymphocytes
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5
Q

recognition mechanisms of innate immunity

A
  • rapid response
  • fixed
  • limited number of specificities
  • constant during response
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6
Q

recognition mechanisms of adaptive immunity

A
  • slow response
  • variable
  • highly selective specificities
  • improve during response
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7
Q

mature B cells called

A
  • plasma cells
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8
Q

plasma cells secrete

A
  • antibody
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9
Q

mature T cells called

A
  • effector cells
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10
Q

roles of effector T cells

A
  • helper cells

- directly kill infected cells

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11
Q

humoral immunity mediated by

A
  • antibodies (B lymphocyte)
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12
Q

humoral immunity main mechanism for

A
  • defending against extracellular pathogens

- block infections

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13
Q

cell-mediated immunity mediated by

A
  • t lymphocytes
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14
Q

cell-mediated immunity best for

A
  • eliminate microbes that survive within phagocytes
  • eliminate microbes that infected cytosol of non-phagocytic cells
  • kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection
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15
Q

function of adaptive immune system

A
  • recognition of “non self” antigens in presence of “self”
  • full elimination of pathogens or pathogen infected cells
  • development of immunological memory to be reactivated if subsequent infections occur
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16
Q

B lymphocyte function

A
  • secrete antibody
  • neutralize microbe
  • phagocytosis
  • activate complement
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17
Q

helper T lymphocyte function

A
  • antigen presented by APC
  • release cytokines
  • activation of macrophages
  • inflammation
  • activation of T and B lymphocytes
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18
Q

CTL function

A
  • infected cell expresses antigen

- killing of infected cell

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19
Q

regulatory T lymphocyte function

A
  • suppression of immune response
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20
Q

development of all immune cells starts where

A
  • bone marrow
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21
Q

after naive lymphocytes have recognized foreign antigens to initiative the adaptive response, what do they need next

A
  • signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
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22
Q

effector cells of CD4 lineage produce

A
  • cytokines
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23
Q

effector cells of CD8 lineage are

A
  • cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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24
Q

migration of: T

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • peripheral lymph node
  • inflamed tissues
  • lymph node and inflamed tissues
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25
Q

responsiveness to particular antigen of: T

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • very low
  • high
  • low
26
Q

effector functions of: T

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • none
  • secrete cytokines/CTLs
  • none
27
Q

membrane immunoglobulin isotope of: B

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • IgM and IgD
  • IgG, IgA, IgE
  • IgG, IgA, IgE
28
Q

affinity of Ig produced by: B

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • low
  • increases during response
  • high
29
Q

effector function of: B

  • naive cell
  • activated of effector lymphocyte
  • memory lymphocyte
A
  • none
  • antibody secretion
  • none
30
Q

antibodies are expressed how

A
  • membrane receptors

- secreted proteins

31
Q

T cell antigen receptor expressed how

A
  • only membrane receptors
32
Q

What comprises the BCR or TCR

A
  • antigen receptors

- attached signaling proteins

33
Q

antigens recognized by BCR

A
  • macromolecules
  • proteins
  • polysaccharides
  • lipids
  • nucleic acids
34
Q

antigens recognized by TCR

A
  • peptides by MHC on antigen presenting cells
35
Q

diversity of BCR

A

10^9

36
Q

diversity of TCR

A

10^11

37
Q

antigen recognition of BCR mediated by

A
  • variable regions of heavy and light chains on membrane IgG
38
Q

antigen recognition of TCR mediated by

A
  • variable regions of alpha and beta chains on TCR
39
Q

signaling functions of BCR mediated by

A
  • proteins on membrane Ig
40
Q

signaling function of TCR mediated by

A
  • proteins on membrane TCR
41
Q

effector function of BCR mediated by

A
  • constant region
42
Q

effector function of TCR mediated by

A
  • no effector function mediated
43
Q

serum concentration levels of antibodies

A

IgG > IgA > IgM > IgE > IgD

GAMED

44
Q

form of IgA

A
  • dimer
45
Q

form of IgM

A
  • pentamer
46
Q

form of IgG/E/D

A
  • monomer
47
Q 
half life of:
G
A
M
E
D
A
  • 23
  • 6
  • 5
  • 3
  • 2
48
Q

function of IgG

A
  • microbe/toxin neutralization
  • opsonization
  • activation of complement
  • antibody dependent NK cytotoxicity
  • neonatal immunity
49
Q

function of IgM

A
  • activation of complement
50
Q

function of IgA

A
  • mucosal immunity
51
Q

function of IgE

A
  • helminth defense

- mast cell degranulation (allergies)

52
Q

function of IgD

A
  • naive B cell antigen receptor
53
Q

MHC I found where

A
  • on all healthy cells
54
Q

MHC II found where

A
  • on antigen presenting cells
  • dendritic cells
  • macrophages
  • B cells
55
Q

MHC I displays antigen from where

A
  • within cytoplasm
56
Q

MHC II displays antigen from where

A
  • from within vesicles generally already phagocytosed
57
Q

MHC I recognized by

A
  • CD8
58
Q

MHC II recognized by

A
  • CD4
59
Q

examples of CD4 effector cells

A
  • TH1

- TH17

60
Q

result of TH1 cytokine secretion

A
  • macrophage activation

- killing of ingested microbes

61
Q

result of TH17 cytokine secretion

A
  • inflammation

- killing of microbe

IMM Exam 1 (20 decks)

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