Acute and Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
inflammation is the reaction of living tissue and microcirculation to
- pathogenic insult
inflammation generates
- inflammatory mediators
what moves in inflammation
- fluid and leukocytes move from blood into extravascular tissues
purpose of inflammation
- localize or eliminate cause of pathogenic insult
- limit tissue injury
- remove or repair injured tissue components
- restoration of normal physiology
reaction to tissue injury for acute inflammation
chronic
- immediate
- persistent
onset of reaction for acute inflammation
chronic
- rapid
- slow
mediation of acute inflammation
- innate immunity
mediation of chronic inflammation
- cell mediated
what cell predominates in acute inflammation
- neutrophils PMNs
what cell predominates in chronic inflammation
- mononuclear cell
- lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes
- increased extracellular matrix
duration of acute inflammation
- hours to weeks
duration of chronic inflammation
- weeks to years
vascularity of acute inflammation
chronic
- prominent
- less prominent
cause of acute inflammation
- microbial infections
- tissue necrosis
- physical agents
- chemical irritants
- immune-mediated hypersensitivity
cause of chronic inflammation
- persistent tissue injury and acute inflam
- phagocytic resistant organisms or resistant to intracellular killing
- foreign bodies
- autoimmune disorders
- primary granulomatous diseases
end point of inflammation
- degranulation and death of neutrophil
pneumonia
- inflammation and consolidation of pulmonary parenchyma
cause of morbidity and mortality
- acute inflammatory disease
vasoactive mediators of edema
- plasma-derived
- cell-derived
hagemen factor activation
- clotting/fibrinolytic system - fibrin split products
- kvllikrein-kinin system - kinins (bradykinin)
mast cell/basophil degranulation
- histamine
platelets
- serotonin
inflammatory cells
- platelet activating factor
- prostaglandins
- leukotrienes
endothelium
- nitric oxide
- platelet activating factor
- prostaglandins
mechanism of phagocytosis and cell killing
- phagocytic cels binds to bacterium that is coated with C3b
- antibodies recognize bacteria and also bind
- phagosome forms
- degranulation and NADPH oxidase activation
oxidative burst process
- O2 -> O2- by NADPH oxidase
- O2- -> H2O2 by superoxidase dismutase
- H2O2 -> OH radical
- H2O2 -> HOCl by myeloperoxidase
CGD
- inability of phagocytes to produce super anions (O2-)
CGD cause
- defect in NADPH oxidase enzyme
what happens in CDG
- phagocytic cells can’t generate H2O2 and O2- for microbial killing
which organisms can’t phagocytes kill in CGD
- can’t kill catalase positive organisms
- those break down H2O2
which organisms can phagocytes kill in CGD
- catalase negative
- they produce H2O2 themselves
granulomatous inflammation
- inflammation characterized by granuloma formation
- dense accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes surrounded by lymphocytes
catalase test separates
- staphylococcus from streptococcus and enterococcus
