Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

inflammation is the reaction of living tissue and microcirculation to

Answer 1

• pathogenic insult

Question 2

inflammation generates

Answer 2

• inflammatory mediators

Question 3

what moves in inflammation

Answer 3

• fluid and leukocytes move from blood into extravascular tissues

Question 4

purpose of inflammation

Answer 4

• localize or eliminate cause of pathogenic insult
• limit tissue injury
• remove or repair injured tissue components
• restoration of normal physiology

Question 5

reaction to tissue injury for acute inflammation

chronic

Answer 5

• immediate

- persistent

Question 6

onset of reaction for acute inflammation

chronic

Answer 6

• rapid

- slow

Question 7

mediation of acute inflammation

Answer 7

• innate immunity

Question 8

mediation of chronic inflammation

Answer 8

• cell mediated

Question 9

what cell predominates in acute inflammation

Answer 9

• neutrophils PMNs

Question 10

what cell predominates in chronic inflammation

Answer 10

• mononuclear cell
• lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes
• increased extracellular matrix

Question 11

duration of acute inflammation

Answer 11

• hours to weeks

Question 12

duration of chronic inflammation

Answer 12

• weeks to years

Question 13

vascularity of acute inflammation

chronic

Answer 13

• prominent

- less prominent

Question 14

cause of acute inflammation

Answer 14

• microbial infections
• tissue necrosis
• physical agents
• chemical irritants
• immune-mediated hypersensitivity

Question 15

cause of chronic inflammation

Answer 15

• persistent tissue injury and acute inflam
• phagocytic resistant organisms or resistant to intracellular killing
• foreign bodies
• autoimmune disorders
• primary granulomatous diseases

Question 16

end point of inflammation

Answer 16

• degranulation and death of neutrophil

Question 17

pneumonia

Answer 17

• inflammation and consolidation of pulmonary parenchyma

Question 18

cause of morbidity and mortality

Answer 18

• acute inflammatory disease

Question 19

vasoactive mediators of edema

Answer 19

• plasma-derived

- cell-derived

Question 20

hagemen factor activation

Answer 20

• clotting/fibrinolytic system - fibrin split products

- kvllikrein-kinin system - kinins (bradykinin)

Question 21

mast cell/basophil degranulation

Answer 21

• histamine

Question 22

platelets

Answer 22

• serotonin

Question 23

inflammatory cells

Answer 23

• platelet activating factor
• prostaglandins
• leukotrienes

Question 24

endothelium

Answer 24

• nitric oxide
• platelet activating factor
• prostaglandins

Question 25

mechanism of phagocytosis and cell killing

Answer 25

• phagocytic cels binds to bacterium that is coated with C3b
• antibodies recognize bacteria and also bind
• phagosome forms
• degranulation and NADPH oxidase activation

Question 26

oxidative burst process

Answer 26

• O2 -> O2- by NADPH oxidase
• O2- -> H2O2 by superoxidase dismutase
• H2O2 -> OH radical
• H2O2 -> HOCl by myeloperoxidase

Question 27

CGD

Answer 27

• inability of phagocytes to produce super anions (O2-)

Question 28

CGD cause

Answer 28

• defect in NADPH oxidase enzyme

Question 29

what happens in CDG

Answer 29

• phagocytic cells can’t generate H2O2 and O2- for microbial killing

Question 30

which organisms can’t phagocytes kill in CGD

Answer 30

• can’t kill catalase positive organisms

- those break down H2O2

Question 31

which organisms can phagocytes kill in CGD

Answer 31

• catalase negative

- they produce H2O2 themselves

Question 32

granulomatous inflammation

Answer 32

• inflammation characterized by granuloma formation

- dense accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes surrounded by lymphocytes

Question 33

catalase test separates

Answer 33

• staphylococcus from streptococcus and enterococcus