Acids and bases

Question 1

Normal blood pH is

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

Acid

Answer 2

IONIZE in water releasing their H ion

- proton donors

Question 3

Bases

Answer 3

Compound that BIND H ions (usually in water)

-Proton accepters

Question 4

What makes an acid or base strong?

Answer 4

Spends most of its time in its dissociated form

Question 5

What makes an acid or base weak?

Answer 5

They stay in their associated form

Question 6

In what ways does our body generate acids?

Answer 6

cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Question 7

What does volitile mean

Answer 7

Easily turns into a gas

Question 8

What are the three mechanisms to regulate the pH

Answer 8

1. buffers (immediate)
2. exhalation (lungs)
3. excretion (kidneys)

Question 9

Buffers

Answer 9

Substances that control H ion concentration by bonding them; prevent rapid change

Question 10

What are the there major buffer systems

Answer 10

1. protein
2. phosphate
3. carbonic acid-bicarbonate (most important)

Question 11

Which buffer system is the most important, why?

Answer 11

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system because it is regulated by the lungs and kidneys as well.

Question 12

What 3 ways does the respiratory system move CO2 through the blood to the lungs?

Answer 12

• 7% CO2 dissolved into the blood converting to carbonic acid
• 23% CO2 binds to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells
• 70% CO2 H ions bind to hemoglobin and the are released near the lungs so it can re-associate to make carbonic acid which is volatile thus enabling us to breath out hydrogen ions

Question 13

How does the respiratory system control blood pH?

Answer 13

The less you breath the the more CO2 you keep

The more you breath the more CO2 you eliminate

Question 14

How do the kidneys regulate pH?

Answer 14

Eliminates H ions in the urine, and by synthesizing more bicarbonate.

Question 15

What does alkalosis cause?

Answer 15

Excitation of the nervous system: spasms, tetanus convulsions, death

Question 16

What does acidosis cause

Answer 16

Depression of the nervous system; coma, death

Question 17

Respiratory acidosis cause

Answer 17

Anythings that cause CO2 to not be eliminated

Question 18

Respiratory alkalosis cause

Answer 18

Hyperventilation, mechanical ventilation

Question 19

Treatment of respiratory acidosis

Answer 19

IV bicarbonate therapy, and ventilation therapy

Question 20

Treatment of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 20

breathe into a paper bag

Question 21

Metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 21

drop in bicarbonate or an increase of metabolic acids (example; if you drink too much wine)

Question 22

Treatment of metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

IV with sodium bicarbonate

Question 23

Metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 23

Increased bicarbonate (constipation or too much alkali ingestion) or decreased acid level (loosing fluids, dehydration)

Question 24

Treatment of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 24

electrolyte therapy

Question 25

``` Is there an acid base imbalance and if so what is the compensation and what is the condition? PH 7.54 (normal range 7.35-7.45) CO2 26 (normal range 35-45) HCO3 16 (normal range 22-26) ```

Answer 25

ph and co2 indicates alkalosis hco3 indicates acidosis Condition- compensating respiratory alkalosis

Question 26

Define hyperpnea.

Answer 26

high breathing rate

Question 27

Define hypopnea.

Answer 27

low breathing rate