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Clin Med III - Final > 9A: Oncology Disorders > Flashcards

9A: Oncology Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of hematologic cancer?

A
  1. Leukemia
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Myeloma
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2
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Malignant neoplasms of the blood

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3
Q

What is acute leukemia?

A

Accumulation of neoplastic, immature cells in the bone marrow resulting in bone marrow failure

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4
Q

What is chronic leukemia?

A

Neoplastic accumulation of mature lymphoid or myeloid elements of the blood

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5
Q

What is lymphoid?

A

Leukemias involving the lymphatic system

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6
Q

What is myeloid?

A

Leukemias of bone marrow involving hematopoietic system cells

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7
Q

What are the general symptoms of leukemia?

A
  • Anemia due to decreased RBC
  • Risk of infection
  • Hemorrhage or difficulty stopping bleeding due to decreased platelets
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8
Q

What is acute lymphocytic (ALL)?

A

Involves lymphocytes and lymph tissue

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9
Q

What population develops acute lymphocytic (ALL)?

A

Children

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10
Q

What is acute myelogenous (AML)?

A

Involved hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into myeoloid cells - monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets

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11
Q

What population develops acute myelogenous (AML)?

A

Adults

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of acute leukemia?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Lethargy
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • CNS issues
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13
Q

What will show on blood work with acute leukemia?

A
  • Elevated WBC
  • Bone marrow changes
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14
Q

What are treatment options for acute leukemia?

A
  • Chemo
  • Bone marrow transplant
  • Transfusion
  • Antibiotics for infection
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15
Q

What is the prognosis for acute leukemia?

A

Children 80%
Adults 30-40%

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16
Q

What is the most prevalent leukemia?

A

Chronic leukemia

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic leukemia?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Lymphadenopathy
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18
Q

What are the most common locations of lymphadenopathy with chronic leukemia?

A

Cervical, axillary, sub-clavicular

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19
Q

What will show up on blood work with chronic leukemia?

A

Elevated WBC

20
Q

What is the treatment for chronic leukemia?

21
Q

What is the prognosis for chronic leukemia?

A

Survival 4-6 years after diagnosis

22
Q

What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Present of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes

23
Q

What is the incidence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Bimodal - 20’s or > 50

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
  • Painless mass
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
25
What will show up on blood work with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Reed Sternberg cells
26
What is the treatment for Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Early stage: radiation Late stage: chemo or bone marrow transplant
27
What is the prognosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Dependent on stage but overall survival rate if 90-95%
28
What is multiple myeloma?
Malignant cells proliferate in the bone marrow and then spread to organs, tissues, and bones
29
What is the incidence of multiple myeloma?
50-70 yrs
30
What are the symptoms of multiple myeloma?
- Fatigue - Increased risk of infection - Bone pain - Fracture - Motor deficits - Renal insufficiency
31
What will show up on blood work with multiple myeloma?
Anemia
32
What will show up with urinalysis with multiple myeloma?
Bence-Jones proteins
33
What is the treatment for multiple myeloma?
Chemo and bone marrow transplant
34
What are the symptoms of colon and rectal cancer?
- Bloody stool - Weight loss - Anemia
35
How do you screen for color or rectal cancer?
- Colonoscopy - Fecal blood test
36
How is colon and rectal cancer diagnosed?
Colonoscopy
37
How is colon or rectal cancer treated?
Surgical resection, chemo, radiation prior to surgery
38
What is a complication associated with colon or rectal cancer?
Likely will have colostomy bag, could be temporary
39
What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
Lump, may have pain or tenderness, skin dimpling, rash
40
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
US, MRI, biopsy
41
What is the treatment for breast cancer?
Surgery, chemo, radiation, hormone replacement
42
What do you have to consider when taking BP on a pt with breast cancer?
- Cannot take blood pressure on the side of a lumpectomy or mastectomy for the rest of their life - Do not want to risk initiating lymphedema in the UE
43
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
- Fatigue - Weight loss - Painful urination
44
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
MRI, biopsy
45
How is prostate cancer treated?
Prostatectomy, radiation
46
What is the prognosis for prostate cancer?
90% survival rate

Clin Med III - Final (14 decks)

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