9A: Oncology Disorders Flashcards
What are the three types of hematologic cancer?
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Myeloma
What is leukemia?
Malignant neoplasms of the blood
What is acute leukemia?
Accumulation of neoplastic, immature cells in the bone marrow resulting in bone marrow failure
What is chronic leukemia?
Neoplastic accumulation of mature lymphoid or myeloid elements of the blood
What is lymphoid?
Leukemias involving the lymphatic system
What is myeloid?
Leukemias of bone marrow involving hematopoietic system cells
What are the general symptoms of leukemia?
- Anemia due to decreased RBC
- Risk of infection
- Hemorrhage or difficulty stopping bleeding due to decreased platelets
What is acute lymphocytic (ALL)?
Involves lymphocytes and lymph tissue
What population develops acute lymphocytic (ALL)?
Children
What is acute myelogenous (AML)?
Involved hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into myeoloid cells - monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets
What population develops acute myelogenous (AML)?
Adults
What are the symptoms of acute leukemia?
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Infections
- Pain
- CNS issues
What will show on blood work with acute leukemia?
- Elevated WBC
- Bone marrow changes
What are treatment options for acute leukemia?
- Chemo
- Bone marrow transplant
- Transfusion
- Antibiotics for infection
What is the prognosis for acute leukemia?
Children 80%
Adults 30-40%
What is the most prevalent leukemia?
Chronic leukemia
What are the symptoms of chronic leukemia?
- Fatigue
- Lymphadenopathy
What are the most common locations of lymphadenopathy with chronic leukemia?
Cervical, axillary, sub-clavicular
What will show up on blood work with chronic leukemia?
Elevated WBC
What is the treatment for chronic leukemia?
Chemo
What is the prognosis for chronic leukemia?
Survival 4-6 years after diagnosis
What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Present of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes
What is the incidence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Bimodal - 20’s or > 50
What are the symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
- Painless mass
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Night sweats
What will show up on blood work with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Reed Sternberg cells
What is the treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Early stage: radiation
Late stage: chemo or bone marrow transplant
What is the prognosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Dependent on stage but overall survival rate if 90-95%
What is multiple myeloma?
Malignant cells proliferate in the bone marrow and then spread to organs, tissues, and bones
What is the incidence of multiple myeloma?
50-70 yrs
What are the symptoms of multiple myeloma?
- Fatigue
- Increased risk of infection
- Bone pain
- Fracture
- Motor deficits
- Renal insufficiency
What will show up on blood work with multiple myeloma?
Anemia
What will show up with urinalysis with multiple myeloma?
Bence-Jones proteins
What is the treatment for multiple myeloma?
Chemo and bone marrow transplant
What are the symptoms of colon and rectal cancer?
- Bloody stool
- Weight loss
- Anemia
How do you screen for color or rectal cancer?
- Colonoscopy
- Fecal blood test
How is colon and rectal cancer diagnosed?
Colonoscopy
How is colon or rectal cancer treated?
Surgical resection, chemo, radiation prior to surgery
What is a complication associated with colon or rectal cancer?
Likely will have colostomy bag, could be temporary
What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
Lump, may have pain or tenderness, skin dimpling, rash
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
US, MRI, biopsy
What is the treatment for breast cancer?
Surgery, chemo, radiation, hormone replacement
What do you have to consider when taking BP on a pt with breast cancer?
- Cannot take blood pressure on the side of a lumpectomy or mastectomy for the rest of their life
- Do not want to risk initiating lymphedema in the UE
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Painful urination
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
MRI, biopsy
How is prostate cancer treated?
Prostatectomy, radiation
What is the prognosis for prostate cancer?
90% survival rate
