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Clin Med III - Final > 9A: Oncology Disorders > Flashcards

9A: Oncology Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of hematologic cancer?

A
  1. Leukemia
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Myeloma
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2
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Malignant neoplasms of the blood

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3
Q

What is acute leukemia?

A

Accumulation of neoplastic, immature cells in the bone marrow resulting in bone marrow failure

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4
Q

What is chronic leukemia?

A

Neoplastic accumulation of mature lymphoid or myeloid elements of the blood

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5
Q

What is lymphoid?

A

Leukemias involving the lymphatic system

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6
Q

What is myeloid?

A

Leukemias of bone marrow involving hematopoietic system cells

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7
Q

What are the general symptoms of leukemia?

A
  • Anemia due to decreased RBC
  • Risk of infection
  • Hemorrhage or difficulty stopping bleeding due to decreased platelets
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8
Q

What is acute lymphocytic (ALL)?

A

Involves lymphocytes and lymph tissue

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9
Q

What population develops acute lymphocytic (ALL)?

A

Children

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10
Q

What is acute myelogenous (AML)?

A

Involved hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into myeoloid cells - monocytes, erythrocytes, platelets

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11
Q

What population develops acute myelogenous (AML)?

A

Adults

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of acute leukemia?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Lethargy
  • Infections
  • Pain
  • CNS issues
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13
Q

What will show on blood work with acute leukemia?

A
  • Elevated WBC
  • Bone marrow changes
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14
Q

What are treatment options for acute leukemia?

A
  • Chemo
  • Bone marrow transplant
  • Transfusion
  • Antibiotics for infection
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15
Q

What is the prognosis for acute leukemia?

A

Children 80%
Adults 30-40%

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16
Q

What is the most prevalent leukemia?

A

Chronic leukemia

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic leukemia?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Lymphadenopathy
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18
Q

What are the most common locations of lymphadenopathy with chronic leukemia?

A

Cervical, axillary, sub-clavicular

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19
Q

What will show up on blood work with chronic leukemia?

A

Elevated WBC

20
Q

What is the treatment for chronic leukemia?

A

Chemo

21
Q

What is the prognosis for chronic leukemia?

A

Survival 4-6 years after diagnosis

22
Q

What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Present of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes

23
Q

What is the incidence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Bimodal - 20’s or > 50

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
  • Painless mass
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
25
Q

What will show up on blood work with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg cells

26
Q

What is the treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Early stage: radiation
Late stage: chemo or bone marrow transplant

27
Q

What is the prognosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Dependent on stage but overall survival rate if 90-95%

28
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

Malignant cells proliferate in the bone marrow and then spread to organs, tissues, and bones

29
Q

What is the incidence of multiple myeloma?

A

50-70 yrs

30
Q

What are the symptoms of multiple myeloma?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Increased risk of infection
  • Bone pain
  • Fracture
  • Motor deficits
  • Renal insufficiency
31
Q

What will show up on blood work with multiple myeloma?

A

Anemia

32
Q

What will show up with urinalysis with multiple myeloma?

A

Bence-Jones proteins

33
Q

What is the treatment for multiple myeloma?

A

Chemo and bone marrow transplant

34
Q

What are the symptoms of colon and rectal cancer?

A
  • Bloody stool
  • Weight loss
  • Anemia
35
Q

How do you screen for color or rectal cancer?

A
  • Colonoscopy
  • Fecal blood test
36
Q

How is colon and rectal cancer diagnosed?

A

Colonoscopy

37
Q

How is colon or rectal cancer treated?

A

Surgical resection, chemo, radiation prior to surgery

38
Q

What is a complication associated with colon or rectal cancer?

A

Likely will have colostomy bag, could be temporary

39
Q

What are the symptoms of breast cancer?

A

Lump, may have pain or tenderness, skin dimpling, rash

40
Q

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

A

US, MRI, biopsy

41
Q

What is the treatment for breast cancer?

A

Surgery, chemo, radiation, hormone replacement

42
Q

What do you have to consider when taking BP on a pt with breast cancer?

A
  • Cannot take blood pressure on the side of a lumpectomy or mastectomy for the rest of their life
  • Do not want to risk initiating lymphedema in the UE
43
Q

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Painful urination
44
Q

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

A

MRI, biopsy

45
Q

How is prostate cancer treated?

A

Prostatectomy, radiation

46
Q

What is the prognosis for prostate cancer?

A

90% survival rate

Clin Med III - Final (14 decks)

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