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Clin Med III - Final > 11A: Covid > Flashcards

11A: Covid Flashcards

1
Q

What are CoVs?

A

Corona viruses - large family of single-stranded RNA viruses

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2
Q

What are other examples of CoVs?

A

MERS and SARS

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3
Q

Describe the appearance of CoVs

A

Crown-like due to spikey glycoproteins on the outside

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4
Q

What % of the population are healthy carriers of CoV?

A

2%

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5
Q

What % of all acute respiratory infections are caused by CoVs?

A

5-10%

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6
Q

When will upper and lower respiratory tract infections likely form with CoVs?

A

Upper - immunocompetent people
Lower - immunocompromised people

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7
Q

Describe how the COVID-19 virus invades?

A
  • Glycoproteins on the outside of the virus attach to ACE 2 receptor
  • ACE 2 brings into pneumocyte cells
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8
Q

What three things does the COVID-19 virus trigger?

A
  1. Synthesis and release of more virus into the blood
  2. Inflammatory response
  3. Immune system increase of WBC, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
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9
Q

What systems are impacted by COVID-19?

A
  1. Pulmonary
    Also: GI, MSK, neuro, integumentary
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10
Q

What is the pulmonary impact of COVID-19?

A

Causes fluid to build up between the alveoli and capillary - interstitial space

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11
Q

Why is the build up of fluid problematic?

A

Interferes with gas exchange

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12
Q

What can happen as the disease progresses and leads to ARDS?

A

Inflammation inside of alveoli - fluid becomes pulmonary edema

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13
Q

What are the general initial symptoms of COVID-19?

A

Fever, malaise, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, GI issues, taste/smell

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14
Q

What vital changes will happen with initial development of COVID-19?

A

Increased RR, HR, and BP

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15
Q

What will show up on a CT with initial COVID-19?

A
  • Inflammatory infiltrations
  • Patchy or segmental GGOs
  • Multiple lobes in bilateral lungs
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16
Q

What are GGOs?

A

Ground glass opacities

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17
Q

How will COVID-19 and pneumonia appear different on imaging?

A

COVID = bilatreal
Pneumonia = unilateral

18
Q

Describe mild COVID-19

A

No/mild respiratory impairment - can be moderate but does not require hospitalization

19
Q

Describe severe COVID-19

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Hypoxia
  • > 50% lung involvement with 24-48 hrs
  • RR > 30
  • SpO2 < 93
  • PaO2/FiO2 < 300
20
Q

Describe critical COVID-19

A
  • Respiratory failure
  • Shock
  • Multiorgan dysfunction/failure
21
Q

What are 5 characteristics of cytokine storm?

A
  1. Immune cells rapidly multiple and invade lungs and heart
  2. Blood leaks into interstitial space
  3. Blood begins to clot
  4. Decreased BP
  5. Organs fail due to lack of O2
22
Q

What neuro issues are associated with COVID-19?

A
  • Confusion, delirium
  • Viral encephalopathy
  • Stroke from increased BP
23
Q

What complication can cytokine storm lead to?

A

Platelet aggregation and thrombosis - DVT and clotting issues

24
Q

Why is skin integrity an issue with COVID-19?

A

Bedrest

25
Q

What are the three types of isolation precautions?

A
  1. Contact
  2. Droplet
  3. Airborne
26
Q

What are contact precautions for?

A

Infections, diseases, or germs that spread by touching the patient or items in the room

27
Q

What are example of diseases that require contact precautions?

A

MRSA, VRE, diarrheal illness, open wounds, RSV

28
Q

What PPE is indicated for contact precautions?

A
  • Gloves
  • Possibly gowns
29
Q

What are droplet precautions for?

A

Disease or germs spread in tiny droplets caused by coughing or sneezing?

30
Q

What are examples of diseases that require droplet precautions?

A

Pneumonia, influenza, whooping cough, bacterial meningitis

31
Q

What PPE is indicated for droplet precautions?

A
  • Gloves
  • Gown
  • Surgical mask
  • Maybe glass if splash risk to eyes
32
Q

What are airborne precautions for?

A

Diseases or very small germs that are spread through the air from one person to another

33
Q

What diseases would require airborne precautions?

A

TB, measles, chickenpox

34
Q

What PPE is indicated for airborne precautions?

A
  • Gloves
  • Gown
  • N95 or higher level respirator
  • Face shield
35
Q

What type of precautions are indicated for COVID-19?

A

Airborne - but it spreads by droplet

36
Q

How long does COVID-19 stay in the air and under what conditions?

A

1-3 hours in close spaces - viral count decreases in concentration

37
Q

Where should you don and doff PPE?

A

Outside if possible, at least 6-10 ft from pt

38
Q

What are key points for donning PPE?

A
  • All skin at wrists is covered
  • N95 mask seal is intact
  • Gown tied tight
39
Q

What are key points for doffing PPE?

A
  • Take gown off from shoulders first
  • Gloves inside out
  • Hand hygiene
  • Store mask corectly
40
Q

When is the greatest risk of spread of disease?

A

During doffing process

41
Q

How should you clean eyewear?

A
  • Clean inside of lens
  • Clean outside of lens
  • Clean frames
  • Let disinfectant dry
  • Run water over lenses

Clin Med III - Final (14 decks)

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