Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med III - Final > 12A: GI > Flashcards

12A: GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of GI disease?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dysphagia, heartburn, pain, GI bleeding, fecal incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cause of nausea?

A

Nerve endings in stomach are irritated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four signs of a GI bleed?

A
  1. Coffee ground emesis
  2. Hematesis
  3. Melena
  4. Hematochezia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is coffee-ground emesis?

A

Vomiting of blood that is dark brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hematesis?

A

Vomiting bright red color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is melena?

A

Dark and tarry stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is hematochezia?

A

Bleeding from rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are major causes of GI bleeds?

A
  • Severe gastritis
  • Peptic ulcers
  • NSAIDs
  • Chronic ETOH
  • Anticoagulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Lower part of esophagus at stomach migrates up into thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should you avoid with hiatal hernias?

A
  • Supine
  • Valsalva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastric acid reflux into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between reflux, indigestion, and GERD?

A

Reflux/indigestion = occasional
GERD = chronic, structural damage to esophageal lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the cause of GERD?

A

Low pressure of LES - slower GI motility gives esophagus longer exposure to acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are signs of GERD?

A

Heartburn, irritability, refusal to feed, dysphagia, cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What aggravates GERD symptoms?

A

Recumbency, bending, meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can GERD lead to?

A

Laryngitis, morning hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is GERD diagnosed?

A

Barium swallow, endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is GERD linked to?

A

Development of esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are interventions for GERD?

A
  • Antacids, meds
  • Surgery to tighten sphincter
  • Supine positioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What foods should people with GERD avoid?

A

Caffeine, smoking, acidic food, spicy food, fatty or fried food

21
Q

What is PUD?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease - break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

22
Q

What are the most common causes of PUD?

A
  • Genetic, chemical, bacterial
  • NSAIDs, low-dose aspirin, H pylori bacterial infection
23
Q

When is gastric PUD more common?

A

> 60 yrs

24
Q

When is duodenal PUD most common?

A

30s

25
Q

What are risk factors for gastric ulcers?

A
  • Smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs, H pylori
  • Defective mucosal defense
  • Gastric hypersecretion
26
Q

What are symptoms of PUD?

A

Typically none - no pain

27
Q

How is PUD diagnosed?

A

GI bleed

28
Q

If there is pain with PUD, how will it present?

A
  • Burning, gnawing, cramping
  • T6-T10 radiation
  • Relieved with eating
29
Q

Describe PUD with older adults?

A
  • Bleeding if > 60
  • Pay attention to anticoagulants
30
Q

What are interventions for PUD?

A
  • Treat the cause
  • Meds to decrease acid and increase motility
31
Q

What are the two types of IBD?

A

Chron’s and Ulceritive Colitis

32
Q

What is Chron’s?

A

Inflammation of the ileum and colon

33
Q

What is Ulcerative Colitis?

A

Inflammation of the rectum

34
Q

What are signs and symptoms of IBD?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Bloody stool
  • Weight loss
  • Joint pain
35
Q

What else can IBD cause?

A

Bleeding and colon cancer

36
Q

What is IBS?

A

Cluster of symptoms with no real structural or chemical sign - likely GI motility issue

37
Q

Who is most likely to develop IBS?

A

Women 20-40

38
Q

What are symptoms of IBS?

A
  • Abdominal pain constant or intermittent
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Anorexia
  • Bloating or distension
39
Q

How is IBS diagnosed?

A

History, sigmoidoscopy

40
Q

What are treatments for IBS?

A

Stress reduction, exercise, medication, dietary modification

41
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Inflammation of the diverticula

42
Q

When is diverticulitis the most common?

A

Adults > 60

43
Q

Describe symptoms of diverticulitis?

A

L abdominal quadrant pain, can radiate to back

44
Q

What are interventions for diverticulitis?

A

Meds - surgery is recurrent

45
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the membranous lining of the abdominal wall

46
Q

What are causes of peritonitis?

A

Infection, trauma, surgery, contamination by bowel contents

47
Q

How is peritonitis diagnosed?

A

X-ray, CT

48
Q

What is the treatment for peritonitis?

A

-Fluids, antibiotics, electrolytes, surgery

Clin Med III - Final (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions