10C: Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

What signs should you be mindful of with hyperpituitarism?

Answer 1

Myopathy, hypoglycemia, irritable personality, visual field impairments

Question 2

What is common with hyperpituitarism?

Answer 2

OA in hands and spine

Question 3

What might a pt with hypopituitarism present with?

Answer 3

Weakness, endurance impairments, orthostatic hypotension

Question 4

What is the most common hyperthyroidism condition?

Answer 4

Graves Disease

Question 5

What are symptoms associated with hyperthryroidism?

Answer 5

Tremors, nervousness, muscle weakness, tachycardia, a-fib, increased RR, arthritic changes, sensitivity to light, diarrhea, polyuria

Question 6

How will a pt with hyperthyroidism respond to exercise?

Answer 6

Decreased tolerance - indicates that the impairments are not MSK or CV

Question 7

What is the first line of therapy for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 7

Radioactive iodine

Question 8

Describe how radioactive iodine works to treat hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

• Takes several months
• Becomes hypothyroid and requires life long replacement therapy

Question 9

What blood values are used to diagnosis hyperthyroidism?

Answer 9

• High T3 and T4
• Low TSH

Question 10

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 10

Deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults that results in slow metabolism

Question 11

What is the most common thyroid disorder?

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism - 50% familial link

Question 12

What is primary hypothyroidism?

Answer 12

Reduced functional thyroid tissue mass or impaired hormonal synthesis or release

Question 13

What is secondary hypothyroidism?

Answer 13

Inadequate stimulation by pituitary or hypothalamus

Question 14

What gender is more likely to develop hypothyroidism?

Answer 14

Females 4x more likely

Question 15

What age is the most common to develop hypothyroidism?

Answer 15

30-60

Question 16

What are seven characteristics of hypothyroidism?

Answer 16

1. Bradycardia
2. Decreased GI motility
3. Decrease in body heat production
4. Fibromyalgia like symptoms
5. Altered lipid metabolism
6. Myxedema
7. Slowed neuro functioning

Question 17

Describe lipid metabolism with hypothyroidism

Answer 17

Increase in serum cholesterol and triglycerides that leads to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease

Question 18

What is myxedema?

Answer 18

Non-pitting boggy edema around the eyes, hands, and feed

Question 19

What is the treatment for hypothyroism?

Answer 19

Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Question 20

Where are the inner adrenal glands located?

Answer 20

Medulla - the sympathetic nervous system

Question 21

What do the inner adrenal glands produce?

Answer 21

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 22

What are the effects of epinephrine?

Answer 22

• Increased HR
• Increased contractile force
• Vasoconstriction
• Increased BP
• Increased blood glucose
• Increased metabolic rate

Question 23

What are the effects of norepinephrine?

Answer 23

Vasoconstriction

Question 24

Where are the outer adrenal glands located?

Answer 24

Cortex

Question 25

What is produced by the outer adrenal glands?

Answer 25

1. Cortisol/glucorticoid
2. Adosterone/mineralosteroid

Question 26

When is cortisol released?

Answer 26

Times of stress - dumps glucose into the blood and suppresses the immune response

Question 27

What is aldosterone?

Answer 27

• Affects kidneys
• Critical for H20 and Na++ homeostasis
• Promotes conservation of Na++ and water, excretion of K

Question 28

What is Addison disease?

Answer 28

Insufficient release of cortisol

Question 29

What are symptoms of Addison’s?

Answer 29

Weakness, hypotension, weight loss

Question 30

What is the result of hypercortisolism?

Answer 30

Cushing Syndrome

Question 31

What are Islets of Langerhans?

Answer 31

Endocrine tissue of the pancreas

Question 32

What doe the Inslets of Langerhans produce?

Answer 32

Insulin and glucagon

Question 33

What cells produce glucagon?

Answer 33

Alpha

Question 34

What cells produce insulin?

Answer 34

Beta