10C: Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
What signs should you be mindful of with hyperpituitarism?
Myopathy, hypoglycemia, irritable personality, visual field impairments
What is common with hyperpituitarism?
OA in hands and spine
What might a pt with hypopituitarism present with?
Weakness, endurance impairments, orthostatic hypotension
What is the most common hyperthyroidism condition?
Graves Disease
What are symptoms associated with hyperthryroidism?
Tremors, nervousness, muscle weakness, tachycardia, a-fib, increased RR, arthritic changes, sensitivity to light, diarrhea, polyuria
How will a pt with hyperthyroidism respond to exercise?
Decreased tolerance - indicates that the impairments are not MSK or CV
What is the first line of therapy for hyperthyroidism?
Radioactive iodine
Describe how radioactive iodine works to treat hyperthyroidism
- Takes several months
- Becomes hypothyroid and requires life long replacement therapy
What blood values are used to diagnosis hyperthyroidism?
- High T3 and T4
- Low TSH
What is hypothyroidism?
Deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults that results in slow metabolism
What is the most common thyroid disorder?
Hypothyroidism - 50% familial link
What is primary hypothyroidism?
Reduced functional thyroid tissue mass or impaired hormonal synthesis or release
What is secondary hypothyroidism?
Inadequate stimulation by pituitary or hypothalamus
What gender is more likely to develop hypothyroidism?
Females 4x more likely
What age is the most common to develop hypothyroidism?
30-60
What are seven characteristics of hypothyroidism?
- Bradycardia
- Decreased GI motility
- Decrease in body heat production
- Fibromyalgia like symptoms
- Altered lipid metabolism
- Myxedema
- Slowed neuro functioning
Describe lipid metabolism with hypothyroidism
Increase in serum cholesterol and triglycerides that leads to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
What is myxedema?
Non-pitting boggy edema around the eyes, hands, and feed
What is the treatment for hypothyroism?
Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Where are the inner adrenal glands located?
Medulla - the sympathetic nervous system
What do the inner adrenal glands produce?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What are the effects of epinephrine?
- Increased HR
- Increased contractile force
- Vasoconstriction
- Increased BP
- Increased blood glucose
- Increased metabolic rate
What are the effects of norepinephrine?
Vasoconstriction
Where are the outer adrenal glands located?
Cortex
What is produced by the outer adrenal glands?
- Cortisol/glucorticoid
- Adosterone/mineralosteroid
When is cortisol released?
Times of stress - dumps glucose into the blood and suppresses the immune response
What is aldosterone?
- Affects kidneys
- Critical for H20 and Na++ homeostasis
- Promotes conservation of Na++ and water, excretion of K
What is Addison disease?
Insufficient release of cortisol
What are symptoms of Addison’s?
Weakness, hypotension, weight loss
What is the result of hypercortisolism?
Cushing Syndrome
What are Islets of Langerhans?
Endocrine tissue of the pancreas
What doe the Inslets of Langerhans produce?
Insulin and glucagon
What cells produce glucagon?
Alpha
What cells produce insulin?
Beta
