10A: Endocrine DM

Question 1

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Answer 1

• Brings glucose into cells for metabolism
• Synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein

Question 2

What does insulin inhibit?

Answer 2

Liver production of glucose and increased cellular uptake of glucose

Question 3

What is IDDM?

Answer 3

Type I - insulin dependent diabetes

Question 4

When is the typical onset of Type I Diabetes?

Answer 4

Children

Question 5

What is Type I DM?

Answer 5

Pt produces no insulin

Question 6

What is NIDDM?

Answer 6

Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes

Question 7

When is the onset of Type II DM?

Answer 7

Secondary to obesity, heredity, sedentary lifestyle

Question 8

What is Type II DM?

Answer 8

Not enough insulin is produced or the receptors are not functioning properly

Question 9

What are three consequences of DM?

Answer 9

1. Hypo/hyperglycemia
2. Diabetic ketoacidosis
3. Retinopathy

Question 10

What is retinopathy?

Answer 10

Decreased circulation in blood vessels of the eye that can lead to macular degeneration

Question 11

What is nephropathy?

Answer 11

Decreased circulation of blood vessels to the glomerulus of the kidney

Question 12

What is the result of nephropahty?

Answer 12

Excessive protein secretion - leads to kidney disease and requires dialysis

Question 13

What is neuropathy?

Answer 13

Numbness, tingling, loss of peripheral sensation due to DM

Question 14

What are foot problems associated with DM?

Answer 14

Charcot’s foot, open wounds that are slow to heal, other circulatory or anatomical changes

Question 15

What % of non-traumatic limb amputation is due to DM?

Answer 15

> 60%

Question 16

What % of people with DM who had an amputation will die within 3 years?

Answer 16

50%

Question 17

How is DM managed with PT?

Answer 17

Gross physical exam of neuro, sensory, motor performance

Question 18

What levels indicate hypoglycemia?

Answer 18

Fasting < 65

Question 19

What levels indicate hyperglycemia?

Answer 19

Fasting > 145

Question 20

What are symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 20

Weakness, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, thirst, nervousness, irritability, hunger, vomiting, tingling of mouth and fingers

Question 21

What is DKA?

Answer 21

Diabetic ketoacidosis due to extremely low insulin levels that causes the body to break down fats into ketones

Question 22

What is the result of high ketones in the blood?

Answer 22

Change in blood pH