8A: Oncology I

Question 1

What are the five most common types of cancer?

Answer 1

1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Prostate
4. Colona and rectum
5. Melanoma

Question 2

As of 2020, what is the 5 year survival rate for cancer?

Answer 2

65-70%

Question 3

What is the definition of cancer?

Answer 3

Uncontrolled cell growth

Question 4

What is the definition of neoplasm?

Answer 4

New formation of cancerous cells

Question 5

What is a tumor?

Answer 5

Abnormal growths of new tissue that serve no useful purpose and may harm the host or organism by competing for blood supply and nutrition

Question 6

What is a primary tumor?

Answer 6

Comes from cells that are normally present in the local structure

Question 7

What is a secondary tumor?

Answer 7

Comes from cells that have metastasized from another area of the body

Question 9

What is differentiation?

Answer 9

Process of normal cells undergoing physical and structural changes as they develop - allows cells to specialize in specific physiologic functions

Question 10

Describe a benign tumor

Answer 10

• Do not spread or invade other tissue
• Contains well differentiated cells that are clustered together in a single mass

Question 11

When will a benign tumor cause death?

Answer 11

If the location or size interferes with vital functions

Question 12

Describe a malignant tumor

Answer 12

Cancer - cells are not differentiated and have the ability to break loose, enter the circulatory system, and form secondary malignancies at other sites

Question 13

What is the definition of proliferation?

Answer 13

Process of cell division - adaptive mechanism for replacing body cells when old cells die or additional cells are needed

Question 14

What is apoptosis?

Answer 14

Programmed cell death

Question 15

What is the definition of differentiation?

Answer 15

Process of specialization whereby new cells acquire the structure and function of the cells they replace

Question 16

What processes regulate cell populations?

Answer 16

Cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis

Question 17

When does cancer develop?

Answer 17

When the body’s normal control mechanism of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis stops working

Question 18

What happens to old cells when cancer develops?

Answer 18

They do not die, instead they grow out of control and form new abnormal cells

Question 19

What is endogenous origin?

Answer 19

Genetic link - prostate, breast, ovarian, colon cancers

Question 20

What is exogenous origin?

Answer 20

50% of cancers are caused by one of more of nearly 500 carinogens

Question 21

What should you consider when determining the need for diagnostic imaging?

Answer 21

Least amount of radiation exposure necessary, so only do the views that are necessary