12B: Hepatic

Question 1

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 1

Final stage of chronic inflammation of the liver - normal tissue has been killed and replaced by fibrotic tissue and nodular areas

Question 2

What is the cause of cirrhosis?

Answer 2

Toxin, ETOH, other diseases

Question 3

What are signs and symptoms of cirrhosis?

Answer 3

Fatigue, weight loss, jaundice, easily bruising or bleeding

Question 4

How is cirrhosis diagnosed?

Answer 4

Symptoms, history, blood work

Question 5

What are interventions for cirrhosis?

Answer 5

Stop drinking, meds to maintain function, transplant

Question 6

What is the prognosis of cirrhosis?

Answer 6

6 months or less once at end stage

Question 7

What is Ascites?

Answer 7

Fluid accumulation in the abdomen

Question 8

What is the cause of Ascites?

Answer 8

Live cirrhosis, CHF, kidney issues, infection, nutrition, Cushing’s

Question 9

What is Cholelithiasis?

Answer 9

Gallstones - stones form in bladder due to salts or cholesterol

Question 10

What is cholecystectomy?

Answer 10

Gallbladder removal

Question 11

What is nephritis?

Answer 11

Kidney infection, acute or chronic

Question 12

What is the cause of nephritis?

Answer 12

Usually UTI that migrates up

Question 13

What can chronic nephritis lead to?

Answer 13

Kidney fibrosis

Question 14

What are signs and symptoms of nephritis?

Answer 14

Abrupt pain, fever, chills, malaise

Question 15

Where will pain be located with nephritis?

Answer 15

On flank, low back over kidneys

Question 16

How is nephritis diagnosed?

Answer 16

Blood work and urinalysis

Question 17

How i nephritis treated?

Answer 17

Antibiotics

Question 18

How do you test for nephritis?

Answer 18

McMurray percussion test

Question 19

What is CKD and ESRD?

Answer 19

• Chronic Kidney Disease
• End Stage Kidney Disease

Question 20

Is ESRD terminal?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What is ERDS?

Answer 21

Decreased kidney function, markers of kidney damage

Question 22

What are the leading causes of ESRD?

Answer 22

DM, HTN, glomerulonephritis, med toxicity

Question 23

What are signs and symptoms of ESRD?

Answer 23

Gradual - HTN, anemia, blood in urine, pallor, fatigue

Question 24

How is ESRD diagnosed?

Answer 24

Increased BUN and creatinine

Question 25

Describe hemodialysis parameters

Answer 25

3x/week, 4 hrs each

Question 26

Describe peritoneal dialysis

Answer 26

4x/day - can be done at home with cath

Question 27

What is acute cystitis?

Answer 27

UTI - bacterial infection in urethra

Question 28

What are signs and symptoms of UTI?

Answer 28

• Frequent urination and urgency
• Pain with urination
• Fever, chills
• Blood in urine
• Mental confusion

Question 29

What is the treatment for UTI?

Answer 29

Antibiotic