9.1 Anemia (Microcytic) Flashcards
Defined as a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Anemia
The term anemia is derived from the Greek word anaimia, meaning “without blood”
T or F
T
Serum Iron: Decrease
TIBC: Increase
Transferrin saturation: Decrease
Serum ferritin: Decrease
FEP/ZPP: Increase
sTfR: Increase
a. Iron Deficiency Anemia
b. Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
a
Serum Iron: N
TIBC: N
Transferrin saturation: N
Serum ferritin: N
FEP/ZPP: N
sTfR: N
a. Iron Deficiency Anemia
b. Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
c
Serum Iron: Decrease
TIBC: Decrease
Transferrin saturation: Decrease
Serum ferritin: Increase
FEP/ZPP: Increase
sTfR: N
a. Iron Deficiency Anemia
b. Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
b
Serum Iron: Increase
TIBC: Decrease
Transferrin saturation: Increase
Serum ferritin: Increase
FEP/ZPP: Increase
sTfR: N
a. Iron Deficiency Anemia
b. Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
d
Inadequate intake; increased need, impaired absorption, chronic blood loss
a. IDA
b. Anemia of Chronic inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
a
In IDA
Acute blood loss = Normocytic anemia
Chronic = Microcytic
T or F
t
In IDA (Iron Depletion
Storage iron depletion
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
a
In IDA (Iron Depletion
Functional iron depletion
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
c
In IDA (Iron Depletion
Transport iron depletion
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
b
In IDA (Iron Depletion
When Stored iron is depleted, it is reflected by serum ferritin, resulting to a decreased serum ferritin level
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
a
In IDA (Iron Depletion
Reflected by a Decreased serum iron
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
b
In IDA (Iron Depletion
Reflected by low levels / decreased hemoglobin iron
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
c
Symptoms: Glossitis, pica, koilonychias
a. IDA
b. Anemia of Chronic inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
a
Rheumatoid arthiritis, chronic infections, and malignancies
a. IDA
b. Anemia of Chronic inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
b
Production of Acute-Phase Reactants - which inhibit iron utilization
a. IDA
b. Anemia of Chronic inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
b
Inhibits ferroportin whih promotes intestinal iron absorption and iron release
Increase during inflammation
a. Hepcidin
b. Lactoferrin
a
Competes with transferrin in binding iron
a. Hepcidin
b. Lactoferrin
b
NOTE: in anemia of chronic inflammation:
- increase of ferritin meaning more stored iron however, the presence of inhibitor prevents using this stored iron (Hepcidin) which is increased in chronic inflammation
Reduced or absent synthesis of one or more globin chains of hemoglobin (Quantitative defect)
a. IDA
b. Anemia of Chronic inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
c
Hemoglobin synthesized:
- Hemoglobin Bart’s
- Hemoglobin H
a. Alpha thalassemia
b. Beta thalassemia
a
In Alpha Thalassemia, Hemoglobin synthesized:
- Hemoglobin Bart’s - Usually seen in newborns
- Hemoglobin H - Usually seen in adults
T or F
T
In Alpha Thalassemia, Hemoglobin synthesized:
- Hemoglobin Bart’s - 4 ________ globin
- Hemoglobin H - 4 ________ Globin chains
Gamma
Beta
Defective genes: 1 (-aa/a)
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
a
Defective genes: 4 (–/–)
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
d
Defective genes: 3(–/-a)
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
c
Defective genes: 2(–/aa)
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
a
No hematologic abnormality
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
a
Fetal or neonatal death with severe anemia
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
d
Chronic hemolytic anemia
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
c
Asymptomatic, mild anemia
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
b
Hydrops Fetalis
a. a-thalassemia silent carrier
b. a-thalassemia minor
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. Hemoglobin Bart
d
Symptoms appear at 6-24 months of age
a. Alpha thalassemia
b. Beta thalassemia
b
Symptoms appear at 6-24 months of age
a. Alpha thalassemia
b. Beta thalassemia
b
Hemoglobin synthezed:
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin A2
a. Alpha thalassemia
b. Beta thalassemia
b
Asymptomatic; Normal hematologic parameters
a. b-thalassemia silent carrier
b. b-thalassemia minor
c. Thalassemia intermedia
d. Thalassemia major
a
Asymptomatic; Mild anemia
a. b-thalassemia silent carrier
b. b-thalassemia minor
c. Thalassemia intermedia
d. Thalassemia major
b
Transfusion dependent; Severe anemia
a. b-thalassemia silent carrier
b. b-thalassemia minor
c. Thalassemia intermedia
d. Thalassemia major
d
Non-transfusion dependent; mild to moderate anemia
a. b-thalassemia silent carrier
b. b-thalassemia minor
c. Thalassemia intermedia
d. Thalassemia major
c
Cooley’s anemia
a. b-thalassemia silent carrier
b. b-thalassemia minor
c. Thalassemia intermedia
d. Thalassemia major
d
Causes: Interference in heme synthesis; Defective iron incorporation to
developing RBCs
a. IDA
b. Anemia of Chronic inflammation
c. Thalassemia
d. Sideroblastic anemia
d
In Sideroblastic anemia, presence of ringed sideroblast in the ___________
Bone marrow
What causes acquired sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
What causes Inherited sideroblastic anemia?
Porphyria
