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Cardiopulmonology > (9) Respiratory Tract (Dennis) > Flashcards

(9) Respiratory Tract (Dennis) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the conducting portion?

A

Collects and warms air!!!

Then transmits the air to respiratory portion

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2
Q

What structures constitute the conducting portion?

A
  • Nasal cavity
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Nasopharynx
  • Trachea
  • Primary/secondary/tertiary bronchi
  • Bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
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3
Q

What is the function of the respiratory portion?

A

Passes air to alveoli with the purpose of gaseous exchange

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4
Q

What structures constitute the respiratory portion?

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
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5
Q

What is this?

A

Respiratory Epithelium

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6
Q

What cell type constitues the majority of respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

*Note: Cilia are never present on true stratified epithelia

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7
Q

Where does respiratory epithelium exist?

A

CONFINED to airways of the respiratory system

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8
Q

What are the major cell types of respiratory epithelium?

A
  • Ciliated, columnar epithelial cells
  • Goblet cells
  • Non-ciliated basal cells (stem cells)
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9
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

Synthesize and secrete mucus

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10
Q

What does the apical cytoplasm of goblet cells contain?

A

DENSE AGGREGATION OF mucigen granules!!!

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11
Q

What is this showing?

A

Nasal Cavities

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12
Q

Nasal cavities are divided by ____________

A

Nasal septum

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13
Q

What are the three regions of nasal cavities?

A
  1. Nasal Vestibule
  2. Respiratory Region
  3. Olfactory region
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14
Q

Where is the nasal vestible?

lined by?

A

Just inside the nostrils

Lined by skin

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15
Q

Where is the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

What is it lined with?

A

Inferior 2/3 of nasal cavities

Lined with respiratory mucosa

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16
Q

Where is the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

What is it lined by?

A

Located at the apex (upper 1/3)

Specialized olfactory mucosa

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17
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavities?

A

Adjusts temperature and humidity of inspired air

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18
Q

Hallmarks of olfactory mucosa?

A

Dramatically thicker

LACKS goblet cells

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19
Q

Describe:

Olfactory Mucosa

A
  • Contains receptors for sense of smell
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  • Has olfactory glands –> serous secretions that dissolve odorant molecules
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20
Q

Describe:

Olfactory Receptor Cells

A
  • Single dendritic process
  • Specialized non motile cilia w/ odorant receptors
  • Ligand binding causes signals to be sent to olfactory bulb
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21
Q

Olfactory Mucosa:

Function of:

BASAL CELLS

A

Stem cells for olfactory receptor and supporting cells

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22
Q

Olfactory Mucosa:

What are:

BRUSH CELLS

A

Ciliated

Columnar epithelial cells

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23
Q

Olfactory Mucosa:

Function of:

Supporting/Sustentacular Cells

A

Provide mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory receptor cells

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24
Q

(within the olfactory epithelium)

What are these?

A
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25
Label the **olfactory epithelium**
26
KNOW THIS PICTURE COLD
27
Which types of cells extend into the respiratory tract?
Epithelium Smooth muscle Elastic fibers
28
Which type of tissues stop earliest in the airway system?
Goblet cells Glands Hyaline cartilage
29
What is this? \*I know the labels are on there but still...
Esophagus and trachea
30
What is this revealing?
4 layers of trachea
31
What are the 4 layers of the trachea?
- Mucosa - Submucosa - Cartilaginous layer - Adventitia
32
What are these showing?
Trachea
33
What are defining characteristics of **epithelia** in the trachea?
- Pseudostratified columnar ciliated - NUMEROUS **goblet cells** - Elastic, fiber-rich lamina propria - BALT
34
What is a defining characteristic of **submucosa** of the trachea?
Rich in submucosal glands
35
What is a characteristic features of the **cartilage layer** of the **trachea?**
'C-shaped' cartilage rings
36
What is characteristic of the **adventitia layer** of the trachea?
Trachealis m. Few sub mucosal glands
37
What is this revealing?
Bronchi
38
What are hallmarks of the **bronchi?**
- Pseudostratified columnar ciliated - Cells shorter in height - Fewer goblet cells **-INCREASE ELASTIC FIBERS in LAMINA PROPRIA** **-INCOMPLETE CARTILAGE CHUNKS**
39
What is this revealing?
Bronchial Wall
40
What is this?
Bronchiole
41
Major hallmark for **bronchioles?**
NO CARTILAGE PLATES
42
What cells do you START to see in **bronchioles?**
Clara cells
43
What is this revealing?
Terminal Bronchioles
44
Hallmark cell that is abundant in **terminal bronchioles?**
Simple cuboidal epithelium w/ **CLARA CELLS**
45
Function of **clara cells**
Secrete a lipoprotein that... **prevents luminal adhesion w/ airway collapse** (during expiration)
46
What is the last bronchiolar structure you see before hitting the respiratory alveoli?
Respiratory bronchioles
47
Respiratory bronchioles branch into...
Alveolar Ducts Alveolar Rings Alveolar Sacs and Alveoli
48
What is an **alveolar sac?**
2+ clusters of alveoli
49
What is the order from largest to smallest of the following terms? - Alveolar ducts - Respiratory bronchiole - Alveolar sacs
Respiratory Bronchiole -\> Alveolar ducts -\> Alveolar sacs
50
What are **alveolar rings?**
Rings around alveolar ducts
51
What are these?
Alveoli
52
What are these lined with?
Type I and II **pneumocytes**
53
What are these?
Type I Pneumocytes (P1)
54
Function of these cells?
Type I Pneumocytes (P1) Create surface for gas exchange Closely associated with capillaries
55
What is this?
Type II Pneumocytes (P2)
56
Function of these cells?
Type II Pneumocytes (P2) Secrete **surfactant**
57
What causes asthma? (physiologically)
Bronchiole inflammation and smooth muscle constriction White blood cell infiltration Increased goblet cells
58
What is this revealing?
Asthmatic airway
59
What is this revealing?
Emphysema
60
Anatomically, what is emphysema?
Permanent enlargement of air spaces... Leads to significant area of gas exchange lost
61
What disease is this showing?
Pneumonia
62

Cardiopulmonology (22 decks)

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