(19) Respiratory Control (Karius)

Question 1

What are the medullary respiratory centers?

Answer 1

DRG (Dorsal respiratory group)

VRG (ventral respiratory group)

Question 2

What is the PRG?

Answer 2

Pontine respiratory group

Question 3

Grocery list of medullary respiratory centers?

Answer 3

DRG

VRG

PRG

Botzinger Complex

Pre-Botzinger Complex

Question 4

Function of the pre-botzinger complex?

Answer 4

Site that generates the timing (frequency) of the respiratory rhythm

*central pattern generator

Question 5

Define:

Apneusis

Answer 5

Failure to turn inspiration off

(stuck in inspiration)

Question 6

What happens when the PRG is lesioned?

Answer 6

Apneusis

Lose the ability to turn inspiration off without additional sensory information from the vagus nerve

*Therefore: PRG is also responsible for controling the length of inspiration under normal conditions

Question 7

DRG sends most of it’s premotor to…

Answer 7

PHRENIC

Question 8

VRG:

Rostral:

Caudal:

Answer 8

Rostral: inspiratory

Caudal: expiration

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

What is a chemoreceptor?

Answer 11

Neuron that is sensitive to specific chemicals:

In respiratory system;

CO2, O2 and H+

Question 12

What is the normal rsponse of a respiratory neuron to an increase in CO2 or a decrease in O2?

Answer 12

A decrease in activity

Which would decrease ventilation, decreasing gas exchange and making the problem worse

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the two sets of chemoreceptors?

Where are they?

Answer 14

Central chemoreceptors (brain)

Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aorta)

Question 15

What is the direct stimulus of central chmoreceptors?

Answer 15

H+

Question 16

What neurotransmitter is associated with carotid bodies (peripheral chemoreceptors)?

Answer 16

Dopamine

Question 17

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 17

Aortic Arch

Carotid Body

Question 18

Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to:

Answer 18

Unique***O2

CO2

H+

Question 19

What is unique about peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 19

Sensitive to O2

quicker than central chemoreceptor response

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

What are pulmonary stretch receptors?

Answer 21

Receptors located in airways

Sensitive to : stretch of airways

Effect: inhibition of inspiration

Question 22

What are rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors?

Answer 22

Sentitive to: irritation, foreign bodies in the airway

Effect: Cough

Question 23

The J (juxtacapillary) receptors?

Answer 23

Near blood vessels of alveoli

Sensitive to: Pulmonary edema

Effect: cough, tachypnea

Question 24

The ____ and _____ mediate protective reflexes that override the normal respiratory control systems

They are important for survival

Answer 24

RAR’s, J receptors

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

The cortical centers are capable of…

Answer 26

BYPASSING THE MEDULLARY CENTERS