(19) Respiratory Control (Karius) Flashcards
What are the medullary respiratory centers?
DRG (Dorsal respiratory group)
VRG (ventral respiratory group)
What is the PRG?
Pontine respiratory group
Grocery list of medullary respiratory centers?
DRG
VRG
PRG
Botzinger Complex
Pre-Botzinger Complex
Function of the pre-botzinger complex?
Site that generates the timing (frequency) of the respiratory rhythm
*central pattern generator
Define:
Apneusis
Failure to turn inspiration off
(stuck in inspiration)
What happens when the PRG is lesioned?
Apneusis
Lose the ability to turn inspiration off without additional sensory information from the vagus nerve
*Therefore: PRG is also responsible for controling the length of inspiration under normal conditions
DRG sends most of it’s premotor to…
PHRENIC
VRG:
Rostral:
Caudal:
Rostral: inspiratory
Caudal: expiration
What is a chemoreceptor?
Neuron that is sensitive to specific chemicals:
In respiratory system;
CO2, O2 and H+
What is the normal rsponse of a respiratory neuron to an increase in CO2 or a decrease in O2?
A decrease in activity
Which would decrease ventilation, decreasing gas exchange and making the problem worse
What are the two sets of chemoreceptors?
Where are they?
Central chemoreceptors (brain)
Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid and aorta)
What is the direct stimulus of central chmoreceptors?
H+
What neurotransmitter is associated with carotid bodies (peripheral chemoreceptors)?
Dopamine
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors?
Aortic Arch
Carotid Body
Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to:
Unique***O2
CO2
H+
What is unique about peripheral chemoreceptors?
Sensitive to O2
quicker than central chemoreceptor response
What are pulmonary stretch receptors?
Receptors located in airways
Sensitive to : stretch of airways
Effect: inhibition of inspiration
What are rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors?
Sentitive to: irritation, foreign bodies in the airway
Effect: Cough
The J (juxtacapillary) receptors?
Near blood vessels of alveoli
Sensitive to: Pulmonary edema
Effect: cough, tachypnea
The ____ and _____ mediate protective reflexes that override the normal respiratory control systems
They are important for survival
RAR’s, J receptors
