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Cardiopulmonology > (4) DSA: Anatomy Of Autonomics (Brauer) > Flashcards

(4) DSA: Anatomy Of Autonomics (Brauer) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first two divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (afferent)

and

Motor (efferent)

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2
Q

Describe the breakdown of the peripheral nervous system

A
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3
Q

The ANS is subdivided into what two categories?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

What is the visceral motor division of the PNS responsible for?

A

Regulating:

Heart rate

Blood pressure

Digestion

Urination

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5
Q

What is the visceral sensory division of the PNS responsible for?

A

Monitoring sensations within visceral organs including:

  • Stretch
  • Temperature
  • Chemical changes
  • Irritation
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6
Q

What is unique about pain from visceral organs?

A

NO PAIN RESULTS when visceral organs are cut

Pain results from chemical irritation or inflammation

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7
Q

Visceral pain often preceived to be of ________ origin; as ________ pain

A

somatic; referred

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8
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

Regulate involuntary body functions

Maintain internal homeostasis

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9
Q

Generally, the sympathetic division of the ANS is….

A

Catabolic

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10
Q

Describe

Sympathetic division of ANS

A

Fight or flight !!!

Responsible for vasoconstriction (*exception is coronary arteries)

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11
Q

Describe

Parasympathetic division of ANS

A

“Rest and digest”

Only found in head, neck, body cavities, genitalia

Not found in body wall or limbs

All glandular secretion is parasympathetic (*exception=sweat glands)

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12
Q

Match the description with the ANS division:

Catabolic, Anabolic

Parasympathetic, Sympathetic

A

Sympathetic = Catabolic

Parasympathetic = Anabolic

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13
Q

Noteworthy effects of ANS on various organs

Eyes:

What dilates/constricts pupils?

A

Dilate = Sympathetic

Constricts = Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Noteworthy effects of ANS on various organs

Lungs:

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic: Bronchodilation

Parasympathetic: Constricts Bronchi

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15
Q

Noteworthy effects of ANS on various organs

Genital system:

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic: Ejaculation

Parasympathetic: Produces erection

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16
Q

What is the length of postsynaptic (postganglionic) fibers of the sympathetic division?

A

LONG postsynaptic fibers

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17
Q

What is the length of postsynaptic (postganglionic) fibers of the parasympathetic division?

A

SHORT postsynaptic fibers

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18
Q

Describe the branching of:

Sympathetic fibers

A

Highly branched

Influence MANY organs at once

19
Q

Describe the branching of:

Parasympathetic fibers

A

Few Branches

Localized effect

20
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic axons of the:

Sympathetic division

A

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)

21
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic axons of the:

Parasympathetic division?

A

Acetylcholine (cholinergic)

22
Q

Where are the presynaptic (preganglionic) neurons of the sympathetic division found?

A

Intermediolateral (lateral) gray horn of the spinal cord

23
Q

Where do presynaptic fibers of the sypathetic division exit from?

A

Spinal nerves

T1 –> L2/3

24
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

aka?

A

Paravertebral

or

Chain Ganglia

25
Q

What is this column of neurons referred as?

Where is it found?

A

Intermediolateral (or lateral) column

B/w spinal cord levels T1-L2/3

26
Q

How do sympathetic axons leave the spinal cord?

A

Via the VENTRAL ROOTS

27
Q

Label the:

Sympathetic Trunk Ganglion

Sympathetic Trunk

A
28
Q

Label the:

  • Sympathetic trunk ganglion
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Gray ramus communicans
  • White ramus communicans
A
29
Q

Describe how sympathetic neurons send their signals:

A

Sympathetic presynaptic neurons in spinal cord (intermediolateral horn) send myelinated axons through the ventral root into the spinal nerve.

White rami communicans carry these axons from the spinal nerve to the associated sympathetic trunk ganglia where they synapse.

Gray rami communicans carry postsynaptic sympathetic fibers back to spinal nerve to travel to peripheral structures

30
Q

SUMMARIZE how sympathetic neurons transmit their signals:

A

Sympathetic presynaptic neurons in lateral horn –> White rami –> Gray rami –> Peripheral structures

31
Q

Describe what is occuring in this image

A

Sometimes, (especially in cervial and sacral levels)…

Axons carried by white rami travel up or down the chain before synapsing with postsynaptic neurons at other levels

32
Q

Axons pass through the sympathetic trunk and exit on _______________

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

33
Q

Where are thoracic splanchnic nerves found?

A

ONLY in abdomen and pelvis

34
Q

What is the function of sympathetic innervation on the thoracic splanchnic nerves?

A

Inhibit activity of muscles and glands in visceral organs

35
Q

What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic division?

A
  • MAJOR ORGAN IN SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  • Chromaffin cells release lots of norepinephrine and epinephrine into blood when stimulated
36
Q

What forms the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Parasympathetic division

37
Q

What are the two major outflows of the parasympathetic division?

A

Cranial Outflow

Sacral Outflow

38
Q

Where does cranial outflow of parasympathetic divison occur?

A

Cranial nerves

39
Q

Where does sacral outflow of the parasympathetic division occur?

A

Via PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES

40
Q

What does the enteric nervous system consist of?

A

Neurons in the wall of the GI tract from the esophagus to the anus

41
Q

What is the enteric nervous system capable of?

A

Autonomous functions such as:

Coordination of GI reflexes

42
Q

Enteric neurons include postsynaptic neurons of cranial nerve…

A

TEN

*also pelvic splanchnic nerves

43
Q
A

Cardiopulmonology (22 decks)

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