(4) DSA: Anatomy Of Autonomics (Brauer)

Question 1

What are the first two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 1

Sensory (afferent)

and

Motor (efferent)

Question 2

Describe the breakdown of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Question 3

The ANS is subdivided into what two categories?

Answer 3

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 4

What is the visceral motor division of the PNS responsible for?

Answer 4

Regulating:

Heart rate

Blood pressure

Digestion

Urination

Question 5

What is the visceral sensory division of the PNS responsible for?

Answer 5

Monitoring sensations within visceral organs including:

• Stretch
• Temperature
• Chemical changes
• Irritation

Question 6

What is unique about pain from visceral organs?

Answer 6

NO PAIN RESULTS when visceral organs are cut

Pain results from chemical irritation or inflammation

Question 7

Visceral pain often preceived to be of ________ origin; as ________ pain

Answer 7

somatic; referred

Question 8

What is the function of the ANS?

Answer 8

Regulate involuntary body functions

Maintain internal homeostasis

Question 9

Generally, the sympathetic division of the ANS is….

Answer 9

Catabolic

Question 10

Describe

Sympathetic division of ANS

Answer 10

Fight or flight !!!

Responsible for vasoconstriction (*exception is coronary arteries)

Question 11

Describe

Parasympathetic division of ANS

Answer 11

“Rest and digest”

Only found in head, neck, body cavities, genitalia

Not found in body wall or limbs

All glandular secretion is parasympathetic (*exception=sweat glands)

Question 12

Match the description with the ANS division:

Catabolic, Anabolic

Parasympathetic, Sympathetic

Answer 12

Sympathetic = Catabolic

Parasympathetic = Anabolic

Question 13

Noteworthy effects of ANS on various organs

Eyes:

What dilates/constricts pupils?

Answer 13

Dilate = Sympathetic

Constricts = Parasympathetic

Question 14

Noteworthy effects of ANS on various organs

Lungs:

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic?

Answer 14

Sympathetic: Bronchodilation

Parasympathetic: Constricts Bronchi

Question 15

Noteworthy effects of ANS on various organs

Genital system:

Sympathetic/Parasympathetic

Answer 15

Sympathetic: Ejaculation

Parasympathetic: Produces erection

Question 16

What is the length of postsynaptic (postganglionic) fibers of the sympathetic division?

Answer 16

LONG postsynaptic fibers

Question 17

What is the length of postsynaptic (postganglionic) fibers of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 17

SHORT postsynaptic fibers

Question 18

Describe the branching of:

Sympathetic fibers

Answer 18

Highly branched

Influence MANY organs at once

Question 19

Describe the branching of:

Parasympathetic fibers

Answer 19

Few Branches

Localized effect

Question 20

What is the neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic axons of the:

Sympathetic division

Answer 20

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)

Question 21

What is the neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic axons of the:

Parasympathetic division?

Answer 21

Acetylcholine (cholinergic)

Question 22

Where are the presynaptic (preganglionic) neurons of the sympathetic division found?

Answer 22

Intermediolateral (lateral) gray horn of the spinal cord

Question 23

Where do presynaptic fibers of the sypathetic division exit from?

Answer 23

Spinal nerves

T1 –> L2/3

Question 24

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

aka?

Answer 24

Paravertebral

or

Chain Ganglia

Question 25

What is this column of neurons referred as? Where is it found?

Answer 25

Intermediolateral (or lateral) column B/w spinal cord levels T1-L2/3

Question 26

How do sympathetic axons leave the spinal cord?

Answer 26

Via the VENTRAL ROOTS

Question 27

Label the: Sympathetic Trunk Ganglion Sympathetic Trunk

Answer 27

Question 28

Label the: - Sympathetic trunk ganglion - Sympathetic trunk - Gray ramus communicans - White ramus communicans

Answer 28

Question 29

Describe how sympathetic neurons send their signals:

Answer 29

Sympathetic presynaptic neurons in spinal cord (**intermediolateral horn**) send myelinated axons through the **ventral root** into the **spinal nerve**. **White rami communicans** carry these axons from the spinal nerve to the associated sympathetic trunk ganglia where they synapse. **Gray rami communicans** carry postsynaptic sympathetic fibers back to spinal nerve to travel to peripheral structures

Question 30

SUMMARIZE how sympathetic neurons transmit their signals:

Answer 30

Sympathetic presynaptic neurons in lateral horn --\> White rami --\> Gray rami --\> Peripheral structures

Question 31

Describe what is occuring in this image

Answer 31

Sometimes, (especially in cervial and sacral levels)... Axons carried by white rami travel up or down the chain before synapsing with postsynaptic neurons at other levels

Question 32

Axons pass through the sympathetic trunk and exit on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

Question 33

Where are **thoracic splanchnic nerves** found?

Answer 33

ONLY in abdomen and pelvis

Question 34

What is the function of sympathetic innervation on the **thoracic splanchnic nerves?**

Answer 34

Inhibit activity of muscles and glands in visceral organs

Question 35

What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic division?

Answer 35

- MAJOR ORGAN IN SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - Chromaffin cells release lots of **norepinephrine** and **epinephrine** into blood when stimulated

Question 36

What forms the **pelvic splanchnic nerves?**

Answer 36

Parasympathetic division

Question 37

What are the two major outflows of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 37

Cranial Outflow Sacral Outflow

Question 38

Where does **cranial outflow** of parasympathetic divison occur?

Answer 38

Cranial nerves

Question 39

Where does **sacral outflow** of the parasympathetic division occur?

Answer 39

Via PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES

Question 40

What does the **enteric nervous system** consist of?

Answer 40

Neurons in the wall of the GI tract from the **esophagus** to the **anus**

Question 41

What is the **enteric nervous system** capable of?

Answer 41

Autonomous functions such as: Coordination of GI reflexes

Question 42

Enteric neurons include postsynaptic neurons of cranial nerve...

Answer 42

TEN \*also pelvic splanchnic nerves