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Cardiopulmonology > (10) Respiratory Physiology 2: Pulmonary Blood Flow (Karius) > Flashcards

(10) Respiratory Physiology 2: Pulmonary Blood Flow (Karius) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pressures you’d observe within the:

R/L Atria

R/L Ventricles

A
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2
Q

What is a typical cardiac output?

(L/min)?

A

5 L/min

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3
Q

What is the pressure observed in the aorta?

A

120/80

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4
Q

What is the pressure observed in the pulmonary a.?

A

25/15

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5
Q

What is hypoxic constriction?

A

When O2 levels decrease, leads to vasoconstriction

This increases the peripheral vascular resistance

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6
Q

Where do alveolar capillaries receive blood from?

A

Right ventricle

Blood is low O2, High CO2

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7
Q

What is this image revealing??

A

Alveolar capillaries

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8
Q

Extra-alveolar capillaries receive blood from?

A

LEFT ventricle

High O2/Low CO2

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9
Q

Function of extra-alveolar capillaries?

A

Deliver O2 and CO2 to the tissue of the lungs

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10
Q

LO:

Compare and contrast the alveolar and extra alveolar vessels

What are the differences in sources of blood?

A

Alveolar Capillary:

Source: RIGHT ventricle via pulmonary artery

Extra-alveolar Capillary:

Source: LEFT ventricle via AORTA

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11
Q

LO:

Compare and contrast the alveolar and extra alveolar vessels

Function of both?

A

Alveolar Capillary:

Gas exchange in alveoli

Extra-alveolar Capillary:

Provide nutrients to and remove waste from the airways

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12
Q

How do you calculate blood pressure?

A
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13
Q

How do you calculate the pressure for the lung?

A
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14
Q

The pulmonary vascular resistance is much __________ than we see in the rest of the body

A

LOWER

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15
Q

What is pulmonary vascular resistance determined by?

A
  • High number of capillaries
  • How many are open at a given time
  • Lung volume
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16
Q

Under what circumstances would pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) DROP?

A

During EXERCISE!!!

PVR Drops as more pulmonary capillaries open up to accomodate the increased cardiac output

17
Q

LO:

Compare and contrast the pulmonary vascular resistance with the systemic total peripheral resistance

A

PVR:

Normal value=LOW

Blood pressure=LOW

Blood volume = 5 L/min

Systemic resistance:

Normal value= Moderate

Blood pressure= Higher

Blood volume = 5 L/min

18
Q

Draw out the 3 regions of the lung and describe the relative pressures

A

Zone 1: BP is reduced b/e above level of the heart

Zone 3: Has the highest BP

19
Q

What are the 4 major chemical modulators of pulmonary blood flow we discussed in lecture?

A
  1. Nitric Oxide
  2. Endothelin 1
  3. Thromboxane A2
  4. Oxygen
20
Q

What are the effects of nitric oxide (NO)?

A

Causes smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

21
Q

What are the effects of endothelin 1?

A

Vasoconstrictor

*role in pathologic conditions, not under normal

22
Q

What are the effects of thromboxane A2?

A

Similar to endothelin 1

Vasoconstrictor that can be found in right/wrong conditions

23
Q

What is the effect of oxygen on pulmonary blood flow?

A

Blood vessels relax in it’s presence

(Low O2 leads to vasoconstriction –> hypoxic vasocontriction –> increased peripheral vascular resistance)

24
Q

Keeping the alveoli “dry”

What determines whether the water moves from the capillaries to the alveoli?

A

THE STARLING FORCES

Control how much fluid moves from the capillary to the lung

25
Q

What are the two forces used in starling forces?

A

Hydostatic Pressure

Oncotic Pressure

26
Q

What are the two hydostatic pressure forces of STARLING FORCES?

A
  1. Pressure Capillary (Pc)
  2. Pressure Tissue (Pt)
27
Q

What are the two oncotic pressure forces of STARLING FORCES?

A
  1. Pi (c) : pulling into capillaries
  2. Pi (t) : pulling into tissue
28
Q

How do you determine which direction fluid will move in the lung?

A
29
Q

Metabolic Functions of the Lung

What is the function of renin?

A

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

30
Q

Metabolic Functions of the Lung

Function of ACE?

A
  1. ACE converts…

Angiotensin 1 into more active Angiotensin 2 in the lungs

  1. Inactivates bradykinin (explains why pts get cough)
31
Q

Metabolic Functions of the Lung

The lungs participate in the metabolism of ________________

A

Arachidonic acid metabolites

Cardiopulmonology (22 decks)

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