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Cardiopulmonology > (5) The Respiratory Cycle (Karius) > Flashcards

(5) The Respiratory Cycle (Karius) Flashcards

1
Q

What is PaO2 measuring?

A

Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the arterial blood

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2
Q

What are the major muscles of inspiration?

A
  • Diaphragm
  • Intercostal Ms.
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3
Q

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

A

Phrenic n.

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4
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves _______

A

DOWN into the abdomen to increase volume of the thorax

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5
Q

What type of motion do the external intercostal ms. demonstrate?

A

Bucket handle motion

(increase the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax)

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6
Q

What are considered accessory muscles of inspiration?

A
  • Scalene
  • Sternomastoids
  • Additional muscles in head and neck
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7
Q

What are the functions of these accessory ms of inspiration?

Scalene:

Sternomastoids:

A

Scalene: Raise 1st and 2nd ribs

Sternomastoids: Raise sternum

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8
Q

What kind of muscles are the respiratory muscles?

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

What are the pros for the respiratory muscles being skeletal m.?

A

Rapid

Uniform activation

Ability to respond rapidly to changes in conditions

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10
Q

What are the cons for the respiratory muscles being skeletal?

A

Brain or spinal cord damage can stop breathing

Length-tension curve (if lungs get too big, can stretch the muscle)

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11
Q

What is the first step in inspiration?

A

Contraction of inspiratory ms.

-Increase the thoracic volume

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12
Q

T/F

Under normal conditions, the lungs and the muscles/ribs are NOT physically connected to one another

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Inn between the visceral and parietal pleura there is ______

A

fluid

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14
Q

At rest, the intrapleural pressure is _________

A

-5cm H2O

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15
Q

As the thorax increases in volume, the intrapleural pressure will decrease to about _______

A

-8cm H2O

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16
Q

As the lungs increase in size, the alveolar pressure ________

A

decreases

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17
Q

At rest, alveolar pressure is _________

A

the same as atmospheric (O cm H2O)

18
Q

During a normal inspiration, alveolar pressure will go to _______

A

-1cm H2O

19
Q

Describe when air flows into the lungs

A

When alveolar pressure drops below atmospheric pressure

20
Q

Draw the graphs for:

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

Volume Change (liters)

Alveolar pressure (cm H2O)

Intrapleural Pressure (cm H2O)

Air Flow (L/sec)

A
21
Q

What is the lowest point that intrapleural pressure will reach?

A

-8cm H2O

22
Q

What is tidal volume abbreviated as?

A

V (subscript T)

23
Q

What is the approximate volume of a typical breath?

(V subscript T)?

A

500 mL

24
Q

What are the expiratory muscles?

A

Abdominal Muscles

Internal intercostals

25
Q

T/F

Expiration is an active process

A

FALSE!!!

Expiration is PASSIVE

*Like a balloon

26
Q

What is the intrapleural pressure at the start of inspiration?

A

-5cm H2O

27
Q

LO: Compare and contrast intrapleural and alveolar pressures

DRAW both Alveolar and Intrapleural pressure graphs

A
28
Q

How do you calculate minute ventilation?

A

How much air is inhaled every minute

V(dot)= Vt x frequency

29
Q

A patient’s respiratory rate is 14 breaths/min and their tidal volume is 500 mL/breath. What is their minute ventilation (V(dot))?

A

14 breaths/min x 500 mL/breath = 7,000 mL/min or 7 L/min

30
Q

How do you estimate anatomic dead space?

A

Estimated by knowing the patient’s weight in pounds

Example: A 150lb individual is estimated to have an anatomic dead space of 150mL

31
Q

How do you calculate the minute alveolar ventilation?

A

Subtracting the anatomic dead space volume from the tidal volume

V alv= Vt-Vds

example: A 150lb person who breaths in 500mL with each breath:

500-150= 350 mL of every breath gets to the alveoli

32
Q

Define:

Intrapleural Pressure (P ip)

A

Pressure in the intrapleural space

33
Q

Define:

Alveolar pressure (P ALV)

A

Pressure in the alveoli

34
Q

Define:

Transpulmonary pressure

A

Alveolar pressure - Intrapleural pressure

P(alv)-P(ip)

35
Q

Define:

Tidal volume

A

How much air you take in during inspiration

36
Q

Define:

Anatomic dead space

A

The volume of air that remains in the conducting airways

37
Q

Define:

Alveolar ventilation

A

Vt- V (ds)

38
Q

Define:

Minute ventilation

A

Vt x f

39
Q

Define:

Minute alveolar ventilation

A

V (dot) a x (frequency)

40
Q
A

Cardiopulmonology (22 decks)

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