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Cardiopulmonology > (16) Heart Development (Keim) > Flashcards

(16) Heart Development (Keim) Flashcards

1
Q

When does the circulation and heartbeat begin in development?

A

4th week (day 22)

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2
Q

Nearly all of the heart comes from ____________

Though some comes from _________

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

Neural crest cells

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3
Q

Label the diagram

A
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4
Q

Mesenchyme is derived from:

A

Neural Crest

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5
Q

Heart Fields are derived from….

A

Splanchinc Mesoderm

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6
Q

What do primary heart fields develop into?

A

Left/Right Atria

Left Ventricle

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7
Q

What do secondary heart fields develop into?

A

Right Ventricle

Outflow tract (eventually becomes aorta and pulmonary trunk)

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8
Q

What is another name for primary heart fields?

A

Cardiogenic cords

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9
Q

Heart Primordia

Describe the basic mechanism of heart development

A

Start with two endocardial heart tubes, one on each side.

They come together in the chest and fuse.

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10
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of splanchnic mesoderm that provides a route for blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to get to and from organs

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11
Q

The ____ _______ is a mesentary that exists at the heart primordia stage

A

Dorsal Mesocardium

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12
Q

All of the heart is ___________

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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13
Q

What is the dorsal mesocardium?

A

Mesentery that disintegrates and becomes the transverse pericardial sinus.

This is the sinus that separates the outflow tract from the venous tract.

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14
Q

Mesenchyme:

State what it is and what it’s derived from:

Endocardium

A

Internal endothelial lining

Splanchnic Mesoderm

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15
Q

Mesenchyme:

State what it is and what it’s derived from:

Myocardium

A

Muscular Wall

Splanchnic mesoderm

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16
Q

Mesenchyme:

State what it is and what it’s derived from:

Epicardium

A

(Visceral pericardium)

Outer covering of the heart

Splanchnic mesoderm

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17
Q

Where do the neural crest cells that contribute to heart development come from?

A

Myelencephalon

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18
Q

Where do the neural crest cells that contribute to heart formation mirgrate from?

A

Migrate through pharyngeal arches 3,4,6

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19
Q

What do neural crest cells to help with the development of the heart?

A

Help with the formation of the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus

*These structures form the aorticopulmonary septum that separates the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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20
Q

Movement of neural crest cells is mediated by…

A

VITAMIN A (retinoic acid)

Hox Genes

Nf-1

Pax 3

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21
Q

What is the problem with too much vitamin A during pregnancy?

A

Can lead to heart defects

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22
Q

What are the primitive divisions in heart formation? (5)

A
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Bulbus cordis
  • Ventricle
  • Atrium
  • Sinus Venosus
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23
Q

What day do we have the sinus venosus?

Why do we care?

A

Day 23

When blood is being brought to the heart

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24
Q

How does blood travel through the heart with the primitive divisions?

A

Sinus venosus –> Atrium –> Ventricle –> Bulbus cordis –> Truncus arteriosus

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25
What two primitive divisions form the **aorta and pulmonary trunk?**
Truncus arteriosus Bulbus Cordis
26
What is the folding of the heart initially due to?
RAPID GROWTH of the **ventricles** and **blubus cordis** that are forming a **bulbocentricular loop** (bends right)
27
What determines the direction of folding of the heart?
Direction that the **bulboventricular loop** bends (if it bends left, heart develops to the right **dextrocardia)**
28
When do **septation events** start? End?
Mid 4th week 8th week
29
What are the **atrioventricular canals** (left atrium to left ventricle, right atrium to right ventricle) are formed by...
The **VENTRAL and DORSAL endocardial cushions**
30
What do **endocardial cushions** form from?
Mesoderm on the ventral and dorsal walls
31
Formation and remodeling of the AV cushions is ________ dependent
Retinoic acid dependent
32
Sinus venosus produces...
Anything **smooth** in the atria: Eg: SINUS VENARUM
33
The **left horn** of the **sinus venosus** becomes the...
Coronary Sinus (receives blood from the coronary veins)
34
The **right horn** of the **sinus venosus** becomes the...
Sinus Venarum (Smooth part of the right atrium)
35
What does the **Right horn of sinus venosus** produce?
Orifices of the superior/inferior vena cava Orifice for the coronary sinus Crista terminalis
36
Pectinate muscle comes from....
The original heart tube
37
Sinus Horn Derivatives: What comes from the Left vs Right horn of the **Sinus Venosus?**
38
The right sinus horn infolds on itself, which creates the...
SINUATRIAL ORIFICE It's b/w the sinus venosus and atrium
39
The **right sinuatrial valve's cranial part** gives rise to the...
Crista Terminalis Separates the **pectinate muscle** from the **sinus venarum**
40
The **right sinuatrial valve's caudal part** gives rise to ....
the **Valve of the coronary sinus** (Thebesian valve) and Most of the **inferior vena cava** (eustachian valve)
41
Describe: **Septum Primum**
Forms first and contains **2 foramina:** **Foramen Primum:** fuses with endocardial cushions and disappears **Foramen Secundum:** forms **before the forament primum disappears**
42
Describe: **Septum Secundum**
Contains the **foramen ovale** and overlaps the **foramen primum**
43
During embryonic and fetal life, blood entering the right atrium passes to the left atrium via the _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Foramen Ovale, Ostium Secundum
44
How many portions are there to the **interventricular septum?** What are they called?
2! Muscular portion of the interventricular septum Membranous portion of the interventricular septum
45
How does the interventricular septum form?
The **splanchnic mesoderm** presses up towards the **endocardial cushion** This muscular septum doesn't quite make it, leaving the **interventricular septum**
46
The **right bulbar ridge and left bulbar ridge** are derived from:
neural crest
47
Defects in the septum are due to...
MEMBRANOUS PART OF THE SEPTUM
48
Describe how cusps form
Valve swellings get pressed downward
49
What are the 3 classifications of **congenital cardiac anomalies?**
- Acyanotic - Cyanotic - No Shunt
50
Describe when you have an **acyanotic congenital cardiac abnormality**
Left to right (oxygenated blood re-enters the lungs)
51
Describe when you have a **cyanotic** congenital cardiac abnormality
Right to left shunt (deoxygenated blood enters the aorta)
52
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Acyanotic
53
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Acyanotic
54
Ventricular Septal Defects Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Acyanotic \*Most common
55
AV Septal Defect Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Acyanotic
56
"Corrected" Transposition of the Great Vessels Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Acyanotic
57
NonCorrected Transposition of Great Vessels Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic
58
Double Outlet Right Ventricle Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic
59
Patent Truncus Arteriosus Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic
60
Tetralogy of Fallot Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic
61
Critical Pulmonary Stenosis Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic
62
Critical Aortic Stenosis Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic
63
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Acyanotic or Cyanotic?
Cyanotic No left ventricle

Cardiopulmonology (22 decks)

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