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Cardiopulmonology > (16) Heart Development (Keim) > Flashcards

(16) Heart Development (Keim) Flashcards

1
Q

When does the circulation and heartbeat begin in development?

A

4th week (day 22)

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2
Q

Nearly all of the heart comes from ____________

Though some comes from _________

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

Neural crest cells

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3
Q

Label the diagram

A
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4
Q

Mesenchyme is derived from:

A

Neural Crest

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5
Q

Heart Fields are derived from….

A

Splanchinc Mesoderm

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6
Q

What do primary heart fields develop into?

A

Left/Right Atria

Left Ventricle

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7
Q

What do secondary heart fields develop into?

A

Right Ventricle

Outflow tract (eventually becomes aorta and pulmonary trunk)

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8
Q

What is another name for primary heart fields?

A

Cardiogenic cords

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9
Q

Heart Primordia

Describe the basic mechanism of heart development

A

Start with two endocardial heart tubes, one on each side.

They come together in the chest and fuse.

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10
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of splanchnic mesoderm that provides a route for blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to get to and from organs

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11
Q

The ____ _______ is a mesentary that exists at the heart primordia stage

A

Dorsal Mesocardium

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12
Q

All of the heart is ___________

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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13
Q

What is the dorsal mesocardium?

A

Mesentery that disintegrates and becomes the transverse pericardial sinus.

This is the sinus that separates the outflow tract from the venous tract.

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14
Q

Mesenchyme:

State what it is and what it’s derived from:

Endocardium

A

Internal endothelial lining

Splanchnic Mesoderm

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15
Q

Mesenchyme:

State what it is and what it’s derived from:

Myocardium

A

Muscular Wall

Splanchnic mesoderm

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16
Q

Mesenchyme:

State what it is and what it’s derived from:

Epicardium

A

(Visceral pericardium)

Outer covering of the heart

Splanchnic mesoderm

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17
Q

Where do the neural crest cells that contribute to heart development come from?

A

Myelencephalon

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18
Q

Where do the neural crest cells that contribute to heart formation mirgrate from?

A

Migrate through pharyngeal arches 3,4,6

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19
Q

What do neural crest cells to help with the development of the heart?

A

Help with the formation of the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus

*These structures form the aorticopulmonary septum that separates the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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20
Q

Movement of neural crest cells is mediated by…

A

VITAMIN A (retinoic acid)

Hox Genes

Nf-1

Pax 3

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21
Q

What is the problem with too much vitamin A during pregnancy?

A

Can lead to heart defects

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22
Q

What are the primitive divisions in heart formation? (5)

A
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Bulbus cordis
  • Ventricle
  • Atrium
  • Sinus Venosus
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23
Q

What day do we have the sinus venosus?

Why do we care?

A

Day 23

When blood is being brought to the heart

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24
Q

How does blood travel through the heart with the primitive divisions?

A

Sinus venosus –> Atrium –> Ventricle –> Bulbus cordis –> Truncus arteriosus

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25
Q

What two primitive divisions form the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

A

Truncus arteriosus

Bulbus Cordis

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26
Q

What is the folding of the heart initially due to?

A

RAPID GROWTH of the ventricles and blubus cordis that are forming a

bulbocentricular loop (bends right)

27
Q

What determines the direction of folding of the heart?

A

Direction that the bulboventricular loop bends

(if it bends left, heart develops to the right dextrocardia)

28
Q

When do septation events start?

End?

A

Mid 4th week

8th week

29
Q

What are the atrioventricular canals (left atrium to left ventricle, right atrium to right ventricle) are formed by…

A

The VENTRAL and DORSAL endocardial cushions

30
Q

What do endocardial cushions form from?

A

Mesoderm on the ventral and dorsal walls

31
Q

Formation and remodeling of the AV cushions is ________ dependent

A

Retinoic acid dependent

32
Q

Sinus venosus produces…

A

Anything smooth in the atria:

Eg: SINUS VENARUM

33
Q

The left horn of the sinus venosus becomes the…

A

Coronary Sinus

(receives blood from the coronary veins)

34
Q

The right horn of the sinus venosus becomes the…

A

Sinus Venarum

(Smooth part of the right atrium)

35
Q

What does the Right horn of sinus venosus produce?

A

Orifices of the superior/inferior vena cava

Orifice for the coronary sinus

Crista terminalis

36
Q

Pectinate muscle comes from….

A

The original heart tube

37
Q

Sinus Horn Derivatives:

What comes from the Left vs Right horn of the Sinus Venosus?

A
38
Q

The right sinus horn infolds on itself, which creates the…

A

SINUATRIAL ORIFICE

It’s b/w the sinus venosus and atrium

39
Q

The right sinuatrial valve’s cranial part gives rise to the…

A

Crista Terminalis

Separates the pectinate muscle from the sinus venarum

40
Q

The right sinuatrial valve’s caudal part gives rise to ….

A

the Valve of the coronary sinus (Thebesian valve) and

Most of the inferior vena cava (eustachian valve)

41
Q

Describe:

Septum Primum

A

Forms first and contains 2 foramina:

Foramen Primum: fuses with endocardial cushions and disappears

Foramen Secundum: forms before the forament primum disappears

42
Q

Describe:

Septum Secundum

A

Contains the foramen ovale and overlaps the foramen primum

43
Q

During embryonic and fetal life, blood entering the right atrium passes to the left atrium via the _________ and __________

A

Foramen Ovale, Ostium Secundum

44
Q

How many portions are there to the interventricular septum?

What are they called?

A

2!

Muscular portion of the interventricular septum

Membranous portion of the interventricular septum

45
Q

How does the interventricular septum form?

A

The splanchnic mesoderm presses up towards the endocardial cushion

This muscular septum doesn’t quite make it, leaving the interventricular septum

46
Q

The right bulbar ridge and left bulbar ridge are derived from:

A

neural crest

47
Q

Defects in the septum are due to…

A

MEMBRANOUS PART OF THE SEPTUM

48
Q

Describe how cusps form

A

Valve swellings get pressed downward

49
Q

What are the 3 classifications of congenital cardiac anomalies?

A
  • Acyanotic
  • Cyanotic
  • No Shunt
50
Q

Describe when you have an acyanotic congenital cardiac abnormality

A

Left to right

(oxygenated blood re-enters the lungs)

51
Q

Describe when you have a cyanotic congenital cardiac abnormality

A

Right to left shunt

(deoxygenated blood enters the aorta)

52
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

53
Q

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

54
Q

Ventricular Septal Defects

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

*Most common

55
Q

AV Septal Defect

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

56
Q

“Corrected” Transposition of the Great Vessels

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Acyanotic

57
Q

NonCorrected Transposition of Great Vessels

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

58
Q

Double Outlet Right Ventricle

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

59
Q

Patent Truncus Arteriosus

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

60
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

61
Q

Critical Pulmonary Stenosis

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

62
Q

Critical Aortic Stenosis

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

63
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Acyanotic or Cyanotic?

A

Cyanotic

No left ventricle

Cardiopulmonology (22 decks)

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