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EMT-B > 9. Patient Assessment > Flashcards

9. Patient Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the components of Scene Size-Up

A
  1. Scene Safe
  2. BSI
  3. MOI/NOI
  4. Number of patients
  5. Additional Resources
  6. C-Spine stabilization
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2
Q

Name the components of Initial Assessment

A
  1. Level of consciousness, LOC
  2. Mental Status, LOC
  3. Chief Complaint/Life Threats
  4. Airway
  5. Breathing
  6. Circulation
  7. Priority transport decision (rapid or focuses)
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3
Q

Define DCAPBTLS

A 
Deformity
Contusion
Abrasion
Puncture
Burn
Tenderness
Laceration
Swelling
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4
Q

What to look for in the Head

A

DECAPBTLS, crepitus

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5
Q

What to look for in the Neck

A

DECAPBTLS, crepitus, JVD, Trachea is midline

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6
Q

What to look for in the Chest

A

DECAPBTLS, crepitus, lung sounds=rise and fall

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7
Q

What to look for in the Abdomen

A

DECAPBTLS, rigidity

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8
Q

What to look for in the Pelvis

A

DECAPBTLS, crepitus, incontinence, priapism

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9
Q

What to look for in the Lower Extremities

A

DECAPBTLS, PMS

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10
Q

What to look for in the Upper Extremities

A

DECAPBTLS, PMS

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11
Q

What to look for in the Posterior

A

DECAPBTLS, crepitus

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12
Q

What is crepitus?

A

Bone ends grating together

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13
Q

What is priapism?

A

Make erection due to spinal injury

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14
Q

What is incontinence?

A

Nerve stimulates release of urine and bowel

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15
Q

Define the steps in ongoing assessment

A
  1. reassessment of vital signs
  2. reassess initial/primary assessment
  3. reassess secondary assessment
  4. reassess treatment or interventions
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16
Q

Time durations in reassessing stable patients?

A

15 min

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17
Q

Time durations in reassessing unstable patients?

A

5 min

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18
Q

The secondary muscles of respirations. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles.

A

accessory muscles

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19
Q

The deviation from alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event, or any deviation from a patient’s normal baseline mental status.

A

altered mental status

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20
Q

To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope.

A

auscultate

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21
Q

A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive; used principally early in the assessment process.

A

AVPU Scale

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22
Q

The process that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.

A

blood pressure

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23
Q

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min.

A

bradycardia

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24
Q

An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope.

A

breath sounds

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25
Q

A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing (blanching) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure.

A

capillary refill

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26
Q

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient’s ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time.

A

capnography

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27
Q

This is a component of air and typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level; also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system.

A

carbon dioxide

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28
Q

The reason a patient called for help; also the patient’s response to such questions as what’s wrong? or what happened?

A

chief complaint

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29
Q

To form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding?

A

coagulate

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30
Q

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.

A

conjunctiva

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31
Q

A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air space of the lungs.

A

crackles

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32
Q

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fracture bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or cranky feeling.

A

crepitus

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33
Q

A blue-gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.

A

cyanosis

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34
Q 
Used for assessment of the body 
deformity
contusion
abrasion
puncture
burn
tenderness
laceration
swelling
A

DCAP-BTLS

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35
Q

Characterized by light or profuse sweating.

A

diaphoretic

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36
Q

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle (diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest.

A

diastolic pressure

37
Q

Any injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he may have.

A

distracting injury

38
Q

A type of physical assessment typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant MOI or on responsive medical patients. Based on chief complaints and focuses on one body system or part.

A

focused assessment

39
Q

Damage to tissue as a result of exposure to cold.

A

frostbite

40
Q

The overall impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient’s surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint.

A

general impression

41
Q

The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best.

A

Golden Hour

42
Q

Involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis.

A

guarding

43
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient’s chief complaint and an account of the patient’s signs and symptoms.

A

history taking

44
Q

Blood pressure that is higher than the normal range.

A

hypertension

45
Q

Blood pressure that is lower than the normal range.

A

hypotension

46
Q

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C) after exposure to a cold environment.

A

hypothermia

47
Q

A system implemented to manage disasters and mass- and multiple-casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance, logistics, operations, and planning,
report to the incident commander. Also referred to as the incident management system.

A

incident command system

48
Q

Yellow skin usually indicative of liver disease or failure.

A

jaundice

49
Q

Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles.

A

labored breathing

50
Q

The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury.

A

mechanism of injury (MOI)

51
Q

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells.

A

metabolism

52
Q

Widening of the nostrils, indicating there is an airway obstruction.

A

nasal flaring

53
Q

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.

A

nature of illness (NOI)

54
Q 
Used in evaluating the patient. 
Onset
Provocation
Quality
Region/radiation
Severity
Timing
A

OPQRST

55
Q

The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person, place, time, and event.

A

orientation

56
Q

To examine by touch.

A

palpate

57
Q

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion- in during inhalation, out during exhalation- is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing.

A

paradoxical motion

58
Q

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

A

perfusion

59
Q

Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.

A

personal protective equipment (PPE)

60
Q

Negatives findings that warrant no care or intervention.

A

pertinent negatives

61
Q

A painful erection of the penis resulting from a spinal cord injury.

A

priapism

62
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats.

A

primary assessment

63
Q

The pressure wave that occurs as each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries.

A

pulse

64
Q

An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.

A

pulse oximetry

65
Q

A step within the patient assessment process performed at regular intervals during the assessment process to identify and treat changes in a patient’s condition.
A patient in unstable conditions should be reassessed every 5 minutes, whereas a patient in stable condition should be reassessed every 15 minutes.

A

reassessment

66
Q

The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli.

A

responsiveness

67
Q

Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration.

A

retractions

68
Q

Coarse, low pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

A

rhonchi

69
Q 
A brief history of a patient's condition to determine 
Signs/symptoms
Allergies
Medications 
Pertinent past history
Last oral intake
Event leading to the injury
A

SAMPLE History

70
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the MOI before beginning patient care.

A

scene size-up

71
Q

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures.

A

sclera

72
Q

A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed. The examination may be a systematic exam or an assessment that focuses on a certain area or region of the body; often determined through the chief complaint.

A

secondary assessment

73
Q

Respirations characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion.

A

shallow respirations

74
Q

Objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured.

A

sign

75
Q

Knowledge and understanding of your surroundings and situation and the risk they potentially pose to safety or the safety to the EMS team.

A

situational awareness

76
Q

An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open.

A

sniffing positions

77
Q

Breathing that occurs without assistance.

A

spontaneous respirations

78
Q

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable diseases.

A

standard precautions

79
Q

A harsh, high-pitched, breath sound, generally heard during inspiration that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; maybe audible without a stethoscope.

A

stridor

80
Q

A characteristic cracking sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissue.

A

subcutaneous emphysema

81
Q

Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient.

A

symptom

82
Q

The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles (systole).

A

systolic pressure

83
Q

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min

A

tachycardia

84
Q

The amount of air in milliliters that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath.

A

tidal volume

85
Q

An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward.

A

triage tripod position

86
Q

A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath.

A

two-to-three word dyspnea

87
Q

Narrowing of a blood vessel.

A

vasoconstriction

88
Q

The key signs that are used to evaluate the patient’s overall condition, including respirations, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics.

A

vital signs

89
Q

A high pitched, whistling, breath sound that is more prominent on expiration and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchitis.

A

wheezing

EMT-B (43 decks)

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