31. Orthopaedic Injuries

Question 1

a simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder

Answer 1

acromioclavicular joint

Question 2

an injury in which part of the body is completely severed

Answer 2

amputation

Question 3

a pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints

Answer 3

articular cartilage

Question 4

the heel bone

Answer 4

calcaneus

Question 5

any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken

Answer 5

closed fracture

Question 6

an elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, pain on stretching of affected muscles, and decreased power; seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children

Answer 6

compartment syndrome

Question 7

a grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together

Answer 7

crepitus

Question 8

disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact

Answer 8

dislocation

Question 9

a fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another, producing deformity in the limb

Answer 9

displaced fracture

Question 10

bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin

Answer 10

ecchymosis

Question 11

movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; free movement

Answer 11

false motion

Question 12

The fiberlike connective tissue that covers arteries, veins, tendons, and ligaments

Answer 12

fascia

Question 13

the outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg

Answer 13

fibula

Question 14

a break in the continuity of a bone

Answer 14

fracture

Question 15

the part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint

Answer 15

glenoid fossa

Question 16

blood in the urine

Answer 16

hematuria

Question 17

the place where two bones come into contact

Answer 17

joint

Question 18

a band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone. It supports and strengthens a joint

Answer 18

ligament

Question 19

a simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; hairline fracture

Answer 19

nondisplaced fracture

Question 20

any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken

Answer 20

open fracture

Question 21

a device to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends, venous disruption, and pain

Answer 21

pelvic binder

Question 22

tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger

Answer 22

point tenderness

Question 23

a hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed

Answer 23

position of function

Question 24

to return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; to set

Answer 24

reduce

Question 25

the space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 25

retroperitoneal space

Question 26

the major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of the muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot

Answer 26

sciatic nerve

Question 27

a bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity

Answer 27

sling

Question 28

a joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments , and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends

Answer 28

sprain

Question 29

stretching or tearing of a muscle; a muscle pull

Answer 29

strain

Question 30

a bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest

Answer 30

swathe

Question 31

the larger of the two lower leg bones responsible for supporting the major weight bearing surface of the knee and ankle; shinbone

Answer 31

tibia

Question 32

The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure and elevation; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation

Answer 32

tourniquet

Question 33

longitudinal force applied to a structure

Answer 33

traction

Question 34

the area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint

Answer 34

zone of injury