34. Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

children between ages 12 to 18 years

Answer 1

adolescents

Question 2

an event that causes unresponsiveness, cyanosis, and apnea in an infant, who then resumes breathing with stimulation

Answer 2

apparent life threatening even (ALTE)

Question 3

to turn white

Answer 3

blanch

Question 4

slow respiratory rate; ominous sign in a child that indicates impending respiratory arrest

Answer 4

bradypnea

Question 5

inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 5

bronchiolitis

Question 6

pulses that are closest to the core part of the body where the vital organs are located; included the carotid, femoral, and apical pulses

Answer 6

central pulses

Question 7

a general term applying to all forms of abuse and neglect of children

Answer 7

child abuse

Question 8

an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by barking cough; usually seen in children

Answer 8

croup

Question 9

a disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

Answer 9

epiglottitis

Question 10

areas where the neonate’s or infant’s skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approx 18 months of age

Answer 10

fontanelles

Question 11

a seizure that features rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness

Answer 11

generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Question 12

an “uh” sound heard during exhalation; reflects the child’s attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of breathing

Answer 12

grunting

Question 13

the first year of life

Answer 13

infancy

Question 14

a tape used to estimate an infant or child’s weight on the basis of length; appropriate drug doses and equipment sizes are listed on the tape

Answer 14

length based resuscitation tape

Question 15

an inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or a bacterium

Answer 15

meningitis

Question 16

the external openings of the nostrils. A single nostril opening is called a naris

Answer 16

nares

Question 17

refusal or failure on the part of the parent or caregiver to provide life necessities

Answer 17

neglect

Question 18

a form of bacterial meningitis characterized by rapid onset of symptoms often leading to shock and death

Answer 18

Nesisseria meningitides

Question 19

a structured assessment tool used to rapidly form a general impression of the infant or child without touching him or her; consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin

Answer 19

pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)

Question 20

a specialized medical practice devoted to the care of the young

Answer 20

pediatrics

Question 21

an airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years, in which the patient is feverish and exhibits a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection. Also called whooping cough

Answer 21

pertussis

Question 22

children between ages 3 to 6 years

Answer 22

preschool age

Question 23

children between ages 6 to 12 years

Answer 23

school age

Question 24

a syndrome seen in abused infants and children; the patient has been subjected to violent, whiplash type shaking injuries inflicted by the abusing individual that may cause coma, seizures, and increased intracranial pressure due to tearing of the cerebral veins with consequent bleeding into the brain

Answer 24

shaken baby syndrome

Question 25

an upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open; the optimum position for the uninjured child who requires airway management

Answer 25

sniffing position

Question 26

death of an infant or young child that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy

Answer 26

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 27

increased respiratory rate

Answer 27

tachynea

Question 28

a child age 1 to 3 years

Answer 28

toddler

Question 29

inflammation of he trachea

Answer 29

tracheitis

Question 30

an upright position in which the patient leans forward onto outstretched arms with the head and chin thrust slightly forward

Answer 30

tripod position

Question 31

an indicator of oxygenation and ventilation; reflects the child’s attempt to compensate for hypoxia

Answer 31

work of breathing