19. Endocrine/Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body.
acidosis
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbs is impaired, usually due to a lack of insulin.
diabetes mellitus
A form of hypoglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.
endocrine glands
Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis.
endocrine system
One of the basic sugars; it is primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.
glucose
The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.
hematology
A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding.
hemophilia
A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues.
hormone
An abnormally high blood glucose level.
hyperglycemia
A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage.
hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)
An abnormally low blood glucose level.
hypoglycemia
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.
insulin
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin in not available in the body.
Kussmaul respirations
excessive thirst; often result of excessive urination
polydipsia
excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger.
polyphagia
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine.
polyuria
A heredity disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.
sickle cell disease
A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia.
symptomatic hyperglycemia
Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.
symptomatic hypoglycemia
A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.
thrombophilia
A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system.
thrombosis
An autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common.
type 1 diabetes
A condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medications.
type 2 diabetes
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.
vasoocclusive crisis
