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Principles Anatomy > 9: Nervous I > Flashcards

9: Nervous I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the technical name for a nerve fibre?

A

Axon

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2
Q

What material insulates the axon?

A

Myelin sheath

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3
Q

Axons are insulated by __ sheaths.

A

myelin

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4
Q

What is the bulky centre of a nerve cell called?

A

The body

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5
Q

What name is given to the projections coming off the body of a nerve cell?

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

Which organs make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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7
Q

Which type of nerves connect with the spinal cord?

A

Spinal nerves

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8
Q

Which nerves, of which there are 12, travel in the cranial cavity?

A

Cranial nerves

well done

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9
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

The nervous system responsible for unconscious control of the body, e.g breathing, heartbeat, digestion…

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What are the two main types of neuron?

A

Afferent neurons

Efferent neurons

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12
Q

Afferent neurons are (sensory / motor).

A

sensory

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13
Q

Where do afferent neurons carry signals?

A

Towards the CNS

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14
Q

Efferent neurons are (sensory / motor).

A

motor

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15
Q

Where do efferent neurons carry signals?

A

Away from the CNS

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16
Q

What is a site of chemical communication between 2+ neurons?

A

Synapse

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17
Q

What kind of communication occurs at a synapse?

A

Chemical communication

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18
Q

What molecules carry chemical signals across synapses?

A

Neurotransmitters

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19
Q

___ signals travel along axons. ___ signals are carried across synapses.

A

Electrical , Chemical

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20
Q

Neurotransmitters can be blocked by certain ___.

A

drugs

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21
Q

What is the somatic nervous system concerned with?

A

The body wall and external environment - sensation and movement

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22
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system concerned with?

A

The organs and internal environment - i.e breathing, heartbeat, digestion, glands

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23
Q

Each bone of the skull corresponds to a ___ of the brain.

A

lobe

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24
Q

Each brain lobe is named according to the ___ bone covering it.

A

cranial

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25
What is a **gyrus**?
A **ridge** on the brain
26
What is a **sulcus**?
A smaller **depression** or **groove** on the brain usually surrounds a gyrus.
27
What is the outermost surface of the brain called?
The **cerebral cortex**
28
Generally, what is the **superior** part of the brain called?
**Cerebrum**
29
What is the posteroinferior portion of the brain called?
**Cerebellum**
30
What is found just anterior to the spinal cord?
The **brainstem**
31
What are the three depressions which make up the **floor** of the **cranial cavity**?
**Anterior, middle** and **posterior fossae** (fossa)
32
The **floor** of the **cranial cavity** runs along the ___ of the skull.
**base**
33
What is the name of the **hole** found in the **posterior cranial fossa**?
**Foramen magnum**
34
The ___ becomes the ___ \_\_\_ once it has passed through the **foramen magnum**.
**brainstem** **spinal cord**
35
What is the spinal cord called **superior** to the foramen magnum?
**Brainstem**
36
What is the brainstem called **inferior** to the foramen magnum?
**Spinal cord**
37
Name the **three** sections of the **brainstem** in descending order.
**Midbrain** **Pons** **Medulla oblongata**
38
What is the **end** of the spinal cord called?
**Conus medullaris**
39
At what vertebral level is the **conus medullaris** found?
**L1/2**
40
The spinal cord is **(longer / shorter)** than the vertebral column.
**shorter**
41
What makes up the **cerebral cortex** of the brain?
**Grey matter**
42
What kind of matter makes up the **inner** part of the brain?
**White matter**
43
Why is the inner part of the brain **white**?
Lots of myelinated axons - **myelin is white**
44
What are the three components of the **peripheral nervous system**?
**Somatic cranial nerves** **Somatic spinal nerves** **Autonomic nerves** (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
45
Learn the spinal nerves!!!
!!!
46
Are **spinal nerves** sensory or motor?
**Mixed** - can be both
47
Where in the vertebral column do spinal nerves emerge from?
**Intervertebral foramen**
48
How many vertebrae are there in each section of spine?
**7 cervical vertebrae** **12 thoracic vertebrae** **5 lumbar vertebrae** **5 fused sacral vertebrae** **4 fused coccygeal vertebrae**
49
How many vertebrae are there in total?
**33 vertebrae** | (7C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 5CG)
50
How many **cervical spinal nerves** are there?
**8 cervical spinal nerves** (Confusing as there are only 7 cervical vertebrae!)
51
How many **coccygeal spinal nerves** are there?
Just **one**
52
How many spinal nerves are there in total?
**31** | (8C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 1CG)
53
Each **spinal nerve** supplies one ___ of the body wall.
**strip**
54
Each spinal nerve has two projections - what are they called?
**Anterior ramus** **Posterior ramus** supply different strips of the body wall.
55
The body wall is divided into **segments**, each supplied by a **single pair** of spinal nerves. What are these segments called?
**Dermatomes**
56
come back when more knowledgable for some work on dermatomes and nerve plexuses
57
Where do **sympathetic nerves** exit the spinal cord?
**T1** to **L2** i.e not the whole spinal cord!
58
Once sympathetic nerves have passed down and out of the spinal nerves, where do they go?
**Sympathetic chain**
59
Sympathetic nerves emerge from the sympathetic chain into ___ nerves which eventually supply the organs.
**splanchnic**
60
**Splanchnic nerves** **Spinal cord** **Sympathetic chain** **Autonomic centres in brain** Arrange these to describe the route taken by sympathetic nerves originating from the brain.
**Autonomic centres in brain** **Spinal cord** **Sympathetic chain** **Splanchnic nerves**
61
How do **parasympathetic** axons leave the CNS?
Via **cranial nerves**
62
Which **cranial nerves** allow parasympathetic nerves to leave the CNS?
**III** (oculomotor), **VII** (facial), **IX** (glossopharyngeal), **X** (vagus)

Principles Anatomy (13 decks)

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