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Principles Anatomy > 9: Nervous I > Flashcards

9: Nervous I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the technical name for a nerve fibre?

A

Axon

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2
Q

What material insulates the axon?

A

Myelin sheath

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3
Q

Axons are insulated by __ sheaths.

A

myelin

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4
Q

What is the bulky centre of a nerve cell called?

A

The body

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5
Q

What name is given to the projections coming off the body of a nerve cell?

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

Which organs make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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7
Q

Which type of nerves connect with the spinal cord?

A

Spinal nerves

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8
Q

Which nerves, of which there are 12, travel in the cranial cavity?

A

Cranial nerves

well done

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9
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

The nervous system responsible for unconscious control of the body, e.g breathing, heartbeat, digestion…

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

What are the two main types of neuron?

A

Afferent neurons

Efferent neurons

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12
Q

Afferent neurons are (sensory / motor).

A

sensory

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13
Q

Where do afferent neurons carry signals?

A

Towards the CNS

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14
Q

Efferent neurons are (sensory / motor).

A

motor

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15
Q

Where do efferent neurons carry signals?

A

Away from the CNS

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16
Q

What is a site of chemical communication between 2+ neurons?

A

Synapse

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17
Q

What kind of communication occurs at a synapse?

A

Chemical communication

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18
Q

What molecules carry chemical signals across synapses?

A

Neurotransmitters

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19
Q

___ signals travel along axons. ___ signals are carried across synapses.

A

Electrical , Chemical

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20
Q

Neurotransmitters can be blocked by certain ___.

A

drugs

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21
Q

What is the somatic nervous system concerned with?

A

The body wall and external environment - sensation and movement

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22
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system concerned with?

A

The organs and internal environment - i.e breathing, heartbeat, digestion, glands

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23
Q

Each bone of the skull corresponds to a ___ of the brain.

A

lobe

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24
Q

Each brain lobe is named according to the ___ bone covering it.

A

cranial

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25
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

A ridge on the brain

26
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

A smaller depression or groove on the brain

usually surrounds a gyrus.

27
Q

What is the outermost surface of the brain called?

A

The cerebral cortex

28
Q

Generally, what is the superior part of the brain called?

A

Cerebrum

29
Q

What is the posteroinferior portion of the brain called?

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

What is found just anterior to the spinal cord?

A

The brainstem

31
Q

What are the three depressions which make up the floor of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior fossae (fossa)

32
Q

The floor of the cranial cavity runs along the ___ of the skull.

A

base

33
Q

What is the name of the hole found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Foramen magnum

34
Q

The ___ becomes the ___ ___ once it has passed through the foramen magnum.

A

brainstem

spinal cord

35
Q

What is the spinal cord called superior to the foramen magnum?

A

Brainstem

36
Q

What is the brainstem called inferior to the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord

37
Q

Name the three sections of the brainstem in descending order.

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

38
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

39
Q

At what vertebral level is the conus medullaris found?

A

L1/2

40
Q

The spinal cord is (longer / shorter) than the vertebral column.

A

shorter

41
Q

What makes up the cerebral cortex of the brain?

A

Grey matter

42
Q

What kind of matter makes up the inner part of the brain?

A

White matter

43
Q

Why is the inner part of the brain white?

A

Lots of myelinated axons - myelin is white

44
Q

What are the three components of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic cranial nerves

Somatic spinal nerves

Autonomic nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

45
Q

Learn the spinal nerves!!!

A

!!!

46
Q

Are spinal nerves sensory or motor?

A

Mixed - can be both

47
Q

Where in the vertebral column do spinal nerves emerge from?

A

Intervertebral foramen

48
Q

How many vertebrae are there in each section of spine?

A

7 cervical vertebrae

12 thoracic vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae

5 fused sacral vertebrae

4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

49
Q

How many vertebrae are there in total?

A

33 vertebrae

(7C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 5CG)

50
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8 cervical spinal nerves

(Confusing as there are only 7 cervical vertebrae!)

51
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

Just one

52
Q

How many spinal nerves are there in total?

A

31

(8C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 1CG)

53
Q

Each spinal nerve supplies one ___ of the body wall.

A

strip

54
Q

Each spinal nerve has two projections - what are they called?

A

Anterior ramus

Posterior ramus

supply different strips of the body wall.

55
Q

The body wall is divided into segments, each supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves. What are these segments called?

A

Dermatomes

56
Q

come back when more knowledgable for some work on dermatomes and nerve plexuses

A
57
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

T1 to L2

i.e not the whole spinal cord!

58
Q

Once sympathetic nerves have passed down and out of the spinal nerves, where do they go?

A

Sympathetic chain

59
Q

Sympathetic nerves emerge from the sympathetic chain into ___ nerves which eventually supply the organs.

A

splanchnic

60
Q

Splanchnic nerves

Spinal cord

Sympathetic chain

Autonomic centres in brain

Arrange these to describe the route taken by sympathetic nerves originating from the brain.

A

Autonomic centres in brain

Spinal cord

Sympathetic chain

Splanchnic nerves

61
Q

How do parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

Via cranial nerves

62
Q

Which cranial nerves allow parasympathetic nerves to leave the CNS?

A

III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus)

Principles Anatomy (13 decks)

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