13: Circulatory

Question 1

What are the great vessels?

Answer 1

Those connected directly to heart chambers

Question 2

The cardiovascular system is divided into two main circulations. What are they called?

Answer 2

Systemic circulation

Pulmonary circulation

Question 3

Name the great vessels.

Answer 3

Pulmonary trunk

4 pulmonary veins

Aorta

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Question 4

What lies between arterioles and venules in the circulatory system?

Answer 4

Capillary beds

Question 5

What vessels supply the capillary beds apart from arterioles and venules?

Answer 5

Lymph capillaries

Question 6

What is a neurovascular bundle?

Answer 6

An artery, vein and nerve collectively

Question 7

Arteries with “common” or “trunk” in their name give rise to ___.

Answer 7

branches

Question 8

What is an artery’s territory?

Answer 8

The body region or organ supplied by an artery and its branches

Question 9

What do the terms trunk and common indicate about an artery?

Answer 9

It will definitely divide again

Question 10

Why do arteries run a snake-like course rather than going in straight lines?

Answer 10

Reduces the changes of overstretching / tearing

Question 11

A pulse can be taken from an artery by compressing it against a ___.

Answer 11

bone

Question 12

What is found in the walls of the largest, most proximal arteries to facilitate stretching?

Answer 12

Elastic fibres

Question 13

What, found in the walls of blood vessels, contracts to narrow their lumen?

Answer 13

Smooth muscle

Question 14

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 14

Contraction of smooth muscle to reduce the blood flow

Question 15

What is vasodilation?

Answer 15

Relaxation of smooth muscle to increase the blood flow

Question 16

What is the background, low level of contraction of smooth muscles in arterioles?

Answer 16

Sympathetic tone

Question 17

Which arm of the autonomic nervous system sustains a low level of contraction in vascular smooth muscle?

Answer 17

Sympathetic

Question 18

come back to look at sympathetic outflow once you understand Nervous II

Question 19

What are the four parts of the aorta?

Answer 19

Ascending aorta

Arch of the aorta

Thoracic / descending aorta

Abdominal aorta

Question 20

What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?

Answer 20

Right and left coronary arteries

Question 21

What is the first branch of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 21

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 22

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

Answer 22

Right common carotid artery

Right subclavian artery

Question 23

What is the second branch of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 23

Left common carotid artery

Question 24

What is the third branch of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 24

Left subclavian artery

Question 25

Which artery, branching from the subclavian artery, passes through the **transverse foraminae** of the vertebrae, through the **foramen magnum** to supply cranial cavity?

Answer 25

**Vertebral artery**

Question 26

Which arteries supply the head and brain?

Answer 26

**Vertebral arteries** **Internal carotid arteries** **External carotid arteries**

Question 27

Which plexus of arteries run along the brain's surface?

Answer 27

**Circle of Willis**

Question 28

Where does the **common carotid artery** bifurcate into the **internal** and **external** **carotids**?

Answer 28

**Carotid sinus**

Question 29

What is the **carotid sinus**?

Answer 29

Bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries

Question 30

Which receptors are found in the carotid sinus?

Answer 30

**Baroreceptors** (monitor blood pressure via.stretching of carotid sinus)

Question 31

Which **cranial nerve** innervates the carotid sinus?

Answer 31

**Glossopharyngeal nerve** **CN IX**

Question 32

What is the name given to the collection of tight junctions and support cells which prevent substances from passing into the brain?

Answer 32

**Blood brain barrier**

Question 33

Which substances can pass through the blood brain barrier?

Answer 33

**Oxygen** **Carbon dioxide** **Ethanol**

Question 34

What name is given to arteries which connect **without** the help of capillaries?

Answer 34

**Anastomoses**

Question 35

What name is given to **alternate routes** for blood to take in an anastomosis?

Answer 35

**Collateral**

Question 36

What is an **end artery?**

Answer 36

The only arterial blood supply to an area of the body i.e there are not collaterals

Question 37

Give an example of an **end artery** with no collaterals.

Answer 37

**Coronary arteries** **Central artery of the retina** **Digital arteries**

Question 38

The ___ of an artery tends to change as it travels around the body.

Answer 38

**name**

Question 39

Name the sequence of arteries in the upper limb, starting with the **subclavian artery**.

Answer 39

**Subclavian artery** **Axillary artery** **Brachial** **Ulnar / Radial**

Question 40

Where is the **aortic hiatus** (opening in the diaphragm) found?

Answer 40

**T12**

Question 41

What percentage of the circulating blood volume is found in veins?

Answer 41

**Around 60%**

Question 42

\_\_\_ veins drain into ___ veins.

Answer 42

**Superficial , deep**

Question 43

What are the two **main** venous systems in the body?

Answer 43

**Hepatic portal venous system** **Systemic venous system**

Question 44

Where does the hepatic portal venous system drain blood **from**?

Answer 44

**Absorptive parts of the GI tract**

Question 45

Where does the hepatic portal venous system drain blood **to**?

Answer 45

The **liver**

Question 46

The fluid which leaks out of capillary beds is collected by the ___ capillaries.

Answer 46

**lymphatic**

Question 47

Once in the lymphatic vessels, tissue fluid is called \_\_\_.

Answer 47

**lymph**

Question 48

Which structure, containing **white blood cells**, is lymph passed through?

Answer 48

**Lymph nodes**

Question 49

Which lymphatic vessel is the only one large enough to be found on dissection?

Answer 49

**Thoracic duct**

Question 50

Through which venous vessels does **lymph** return to the circulation?

Answer 50

**Venous angles**

Question 51

The **right venous angle** drains the ___ \_\_\_ \_\_\_.

Answer 51

**right lymphatic duct**

Question 52

The **left venous angle** drains the ___ \_\_\_.

Answer 52

**thoracic duct**