13: Circulatory Flashcards
What are the great vessels?
Those connected directly to heart chambers
The cardiovascular system is divided into two main circulations. What are they called?
Systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Name the great vessels.
Pulmonary trunk
4 pulmonary veins
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
What lies between arterioles and venules in the circulatory system?
Capillary beds
What vessels supply the capillary beds apart from arterioles and venules?
Lymph capillaries
What is a neurovascular bundle?
An artery, vein and nerve collectively
Arteries with “common” or “trunk” in their name give rise to ___.
branches
What is an artery’s territory?
The body region or organ supplied by an artery and its branches
What do the terms trunk and common indicate about an artery?
It will definitely divide again
Why do arteries run a snake-like course rather than going in straight lines?
Reduces the changes of overstretching / tearing
A pulse can be taken from an artery by compressing it against a ___.
bone
What is found in the walls of the largest, most proximal arteries to facilitate stretching?
Elastic fibres
What, found in the walls of blood vessels, contracts to narrow their lumen?
Smooth muscle
What is vasoconstriction?
Contraction of smooth muscle to reduce the blood flow
What is vasodilation?
Relaxation of smooth muscle to increase the blood flow
What is the background, low level of contraction of smooth muscles in arterioles?
Sympathetic tone
Which arm of the autonomic nervous system sustains a low level of contraction in vascular smooth muscle?
Sympathetic
come back to look at sympathetic outflow once you understand Nervous II
What are the four parts of the aorta?
Ascending aorta
Arch of the aorta
Thoracic / descending aorta
Abdominal aorta
What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?
Right and left coronary arteries
What is the first branch of the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk
What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
What is the second branch of the arch of the aorta?
Left common carotid artery
What is the third branch of the arch of the aorta?
Left subclavian artery
Which artery, branching from the subclavian artery, passes through the transverse foraminae of the vertebrae, through the foramen magnum to supply cranial cavity?
Vertebral artery
Which arteries supply the head and brain?
Vertebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
External carotid arteries
Which plexus of arteries run along the brain’s surface?
Circle of Willis
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate into the internal and external carotids?
Carotid sinus
What is the carotid sinus?
Bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries
Which receptors are found in the carotid sinus?
Baroreceptors (monitor blood pressure via.stretching of carotid sinus)
Which cranial nerve innervates the carotid sinus?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
CN IX
What is the name given to the collection of tight junctions and support cells which prevent substances from passing into the brain?
Blood brain barrier
Which substances can pass through the blood brain barrier?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Ethanol
What name is given to arteries which connect without the help of capillaries?
Anastomoses
What name is given to alternate routes for blood to take in an anastomosis?
Collateral
What is an end artery?
The only arterial blood supply to an area of the body
i.e there are not collaterals
Give an example of an end artery with no collaterals.
Coronary arteries
Central artery of the retina
Digital arteries
The ___ of an artery tends to change as it travels around the body.
name
Name the sequence of arteries in the upper limb, starting with the subclavian artery.
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial
Ulnar / Radial
Where is the aortic hiatus (opening in the diaphragm) found?
T12
What percentage of the circulating blood volume is found in veins?
Around 60%
___ veins drain into ___ veins.
Superficial , deep
What are the two main venous systems in the body?
Hepatic portal venous system
Systemic venous system
Where does the hepatic portal venous system drain blood from?
Absorptive parts of the GI tract
Where does the hepatic portal venous system drain blood to?
The liver
The fluid which leaks out of capillary beds is collected by the ___ capillaries.
lymphatic
Once in the lymphatic vessels, tissue fluid is called ___.
lymph
Which structure, containing white blood cells, is lymph passed through?
Lymph nodes
Which lymphatic vessel is the only one large enough to be found on dissection?
Thoracic duct
Through which venous vessels does lymph return to the circulation?
Venous angles
The right venous angle drains the ___ ___ ___.
right lymphatic duct
The left venous angle drains the ___ ___.
thoracic duct
