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Principles Anatomy > 13: Circulatory > Flashcards

13: Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the great vessels?

A

Those connected directly to heart chambers

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2
Q

The cardiovascular system is divided into two main circulations. What are they called?

A

Systemic circulation

Pulmonary circulation

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3
Q

Name the great vessels.

A

Pulmonary trunk

4 pulmonary veins

Aorta

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

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4
Q

What lies between arterioles and venules in the circulatory system?

A

Capillary beds

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5
Q

What vessels supply the capillary beds apart from arterioles and venules?

A

Lymph capillaries

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6
Q

What is a neurovascular bundle?

A

An artery, vein and nerve collectively

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7
Q

Arteries with “common” or “trunk” in their name give rise to ___.

A

branches

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8
Q

What is an artery’s territory?

A

The body region or organ supplied by an artery and its branches

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9
Q

What do the terms trunk and common indicate about an artery?

A

It will definitely divide again

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10
Q

Why do arteries run a snake-like course rather than going in straight lines?

A

Reduces the changes of overstretching / tearing

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11
Q

A pulse can be taken from an artery by compressing it against a ___.

A

bone

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12
Q

What is found in the walls of the largest, most proximal arteries to facilitate stretching?

A

Elastic fibres

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13
Q

What, found in the walls of blood vessels, contracts to narrow their lumen?

A

Smooth muscle

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14
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle to reduce the blood flow

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15
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle to increase the blood flow

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16
Q

What is the background, low level of contraction of smooth muscles in arterioles?

A

Sympathetic tone

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17
Q

Which arm of the autonomic nervous system sustains a low level of contraction in vascular smooth muscle?

A

Sympathetic

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18
Q

come back to look at sympathetic outflow once you understand Nervous II

A
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19
Q

What are the four parts of the aorta?

A

Ascending aorta

Arch of the aorta

Thoracic / descending aorta

Abdominal aorta

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20
Q

What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?

A

Right and left coronary arteries

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21
Q

What is the first branch of the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

22
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

Right common carotid artery

Right subclavian artery

23
Q

What is the second branch of the arch of the aorta?

A

Left common carotid artery

24
Q

What is the third branch of the arch of the aorta?

A

Left subclavian artery

25
Q

Which artery, branching from the subclavian artery, passes through the transverse foraminae of the vertebrae, through the foramen magnum to supply cranial cavity?

A

Vertebral artery

26
Q

Which arteries supply the head and brain?

A

Vertebral arteries

Internal carotid arteries

External carotid arteries

27
Q

Which plexus of arteries run along the brain’s surface?

A

Circle of Willis

28
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate into the internal and external carotids?

A

Carotid sinus

29
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries

30
Q

Which receptors are found in the carotid sinus?

A

Baroreceptors (monitor blood pressure via.stretching of carotid sinus)

31
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the carotid sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

CN IX

32
Q

What is the name given to the collection of tight junctions and support cells which prevent substances from passing into the brain?

A

Blood brain barrier

33
Q

Which substances can pass through the blood brain barrier?

A

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Ethanol

34
Q

What name is given to arteries which connect without the help of capillaries?

A

Anastomoses

35
Q

What name is given to alternate routes for blood to take in an anastomosis?

A

Collateral

36
Q

What is an end artery?

A

The only arterial blood supply to an area of the body

i.e there are not collaterals

37
Q

Give an example of an end artery with no collaterals.

A

Coronary arteries

Central artery of the retina

Digital arteries

38
Q

The ___ of an artery tends to change as it travels around the body.

A

name

39
Q

Name the sequence of arteries in the upper limb, starting with the subclavian artery.

A

Subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Brachial

Ulnar / Radial

40
Q

Where is the aortic hiatus (opening in the diaphragm) found?

A

T12

41
Q

What percentage of the circulating blood volume is found in veins?

A

Around 60%

42
Q

___ veins drain into ___ veins.

A

Superficial , deep

43
Q

What are the two main venous systems in the body?

A

Hepatic portal venous system

Systemic venous system

44
Q

Where does the hepatic portal venous system drain blood from?

A

Absorptive parts of the GI tract

45
Q

Where does the hepatic portal venous system drain blood to?

A

The liver

46
Q

The fluid which leaks out of capillary beds is collected by the ___ capillaries.

A

lymphatic

47
Q

Once in the lymphatic vessels, tissue fluid is called ___.

A

lymph

48
Q

Which structure, containing white blood cells, is lymph passed through?

A

Lymph nodes

49
Q

Which lymphatic vessel is the only one large enough to be found on dissection?

A

Thoracic duct

50
Q

Through which venous vessels does lymph return to the circulation?

A

Venous angles

51
Q

The right venous angle drains the ___ ___ ___.

A

right lymphatic duct

52
Q

The left venous angle drains the ___ ___.

A

thoracic duct

Principles Anatomy (13 decks)

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