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Principles Anatomy > 7: Upper GI > Flashcards

7: Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the gastrointestinal tract start?

A

Oral cavity

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2
Q

Where does the gastrointestinal tract end?

A

Anus

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3
Q

Generally, what three events occur in the gastrointestinal tract?

A

1. Introduction of food and liquids to the body

2. Digestion and absorption of nutrients

3. Excretion of waste

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4
Q

___ lines the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

Name, in descending order, the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anal cavity –> anus

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6
Q

What organs are included in the upper GI tract?

A

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

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7
Q

What organs are included in the lower GI tract?

A

Large intestine (caecum, appendix, colon)

Rectum

Anal canal

Anus

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8
Q

What divides the upper and lower GI tracts?

A

Ileocecal junction

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9
Q

At which joint does opening and closing of the jaw occur?

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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10
Q

Generally, which muscles control the opening and closing of the jaw?

A

Muscles of mastication (chewing)

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11
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

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12
Q

Which muscles of mastication close the jaw?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial pterygoid

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13
Q

Which muscles of mastication open the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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14
Q

Which group of muscles prevent drooling?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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15
Q

What is the circular muscle surrounding the mouth which prevents dribbling during chewing and swallowing?

A

Orbicularis oris

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16
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Circular muscle surrounding the mouth, prevents drooling / dribbling

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17
Q

What is the dangly bit at the end of the soft palate in the oral cavity, commonly mistaken as your tonsils?

A

Uvula

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18
Q

The oral cavity is lined with ___.

More specifically, what type of epithelium is?

A

mucosa

stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

The oral cavity is one of the most ___ body areas.

A

sensitive

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20
Q

What is the special sensation associated with the oral cavity?

A

Taste

21
Q

What kind of muscle is the tongue made of?

A

Skeletal muscle

22
Q

The tongue is lined with ___.

A

mucosa

23
Q

What is the top surface of the tongue called?

A

Dorsum of the tongue

24
Q

What are the finger-like structures found on the tongue?

A

Papillae

25
Q

Name the three types of papillae associated with taste.

A

Foliate

Vallate

Fungiform

26
Q

Name the type of papillae associated with other sensations (temperature, touch, etc.).

A

Filiform

27
Q

Fungiform, filiform, vallate, foliate

Arrange these types of papillae into those responsible for taste and those not.

A

TASTE: Foliate, Vallate, Fungiform

NOT: Filiform

28
Q

Which muscle positions food between the teeth for easier mastication?

A

Buccinator

29
Q

Where is the buccinator muscle found?

What does it do?

A

The cheek (buccal)

Positions food between teeth for mastication

30
Q

How many quadrants of teeth are there?

A

4 quadrants…

31
Q

How many teeth are found in each quadrant of dentition?

A

8 teeth per quadrant

32
Q

How many teeth should adults have in total? (Hint: remember the number in each quadrant.)

A

32 teeth in total

4 quadrants, 8 teeth per quadrant

33
Q

Say you’re looking at a quadrant of teeth. What are the following teeth called:

1. Teeth 1 and 2

2. Tooth 3

3. Teeth 4 and 5

4. Teeth 6, 7 and 8

5. Tooth 8 in particular?

A

Teeth 1 and 2 are the incisors

Tooth 3 is the canine

Teeth 4 and 5 are the premolars

Teeth 6, 7 and 8 are the molars

Tooth 8 is also known as a “wisdom tooth”

34
Q

Which teeth are the premolars?

A

4 and 5

35
Q

Which teeth are the incisors?

A

Teeth 1 and 2

36
Q

Which teeth are the molars?

A

Teeth 6, 7 and 8

37
Q

Which tooth is the canine?

A

Tooth 3

38
Q

Which tooth is the wisdom tooth?

A

Tooth 8

39
Q

What is a patient’s occlusion?

A

Their bite - i.e how the upper and lower dental arches fit together

40
Q

In a dental context, what question should be asked to any patient with a suspected fracture of the mandible or axilla?

A

“How does your bite feel?”

41
Q

What produces the saliva we use to taste food and lubricate our GI tracts?

A

Salivary glands

42
Q

What is the lubricant, found in saliva, which aids swallowing and speech?

A

Mucin

43
Q

Where are the major salivary glands found?

A

Parotid (near ear)

Submandibular (under the mandible)

Sublingual (under the tongue)

44
Q

What is the purpose of the thousands of minor salivary glands found in the oral mucosa?

A

Keep the mucosa moist

45
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

46
Q

Muscles controlling peristalsis are found in the ___.

A

pharynx

47
Q

What is aspiration?

A

Inhalation of ingested material

48
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Transmission of food and liquids from the pharynx to the stomach

49
Q

In the oesophagus, there is gradual transition from ___ to ___ muscle.

A

skeletal , smooth

Principles Anatomy (13 decks)

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