2: Joints and dislocations Flashcards
The skeleton is made up of bones and ___.
cartilage
Cartilage is (more / less) rigid than bone.
less
Movement of the skeleton occurs at ___.
joints
___ muscles contract to move bones.
Skeletal
Print joint man at some point (slide 4)
What are the three different kinds of joint?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What are two examples of fibrous joints?
Syndesmoses - fibrous sheets which unite bones e.g interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula
Sutures - e.g coronal suture of skull
Give an example of a fibrous syndesmosis.
Interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula
Give an example of a fibrous suture found in the skull.
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
What are the neonatal equivalents of fibrous sutures, which slide around to accomodate passage through the birth canal?
Fontanelles
Give an example of a primary cartillaginous joint.
Epiphyseal growth plate
Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint.
Intervertebral disc
Cartilaginous joints are prone to __ if they fall out of alignment.
slip
Which type of joint accomodates the articulation of 2+ bones?
Synovial joint
The articular surfaces of a synovial joint are covered with ___ cartilage.
hyaline
___ wrap around synovial joints.
Capsules
What is contained within the cavity of a synovial joint?
Synovial fluid
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
Lubricates joint and nourishes the tissue
What are bursae?
Sacs which reduce friction around a synovial joint
Patients with abnormally mobile / flexible joints have either natural or pathological ___.
hypermobility
What is subluxation?
Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
What is dislocation?
Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
What are some common dislocations?
Temporomandibular joints
Shoulder joints
Hip joints (more common after hip replacement)
Interphalangeal joints (ewww)
What bones articulate around the temporomandibular joint?
Which part of the bones specifically?
Mandible and temporal bone
Mandible: condylar process
Temporal bone: articular tubercle and mandibular fossa
In a dislocation of the TMJ, the head of the condylar process becomes stuck (anterior / posterior) to the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.
anterior
How would you tell that a TMJ dislocation had occured bilaterally?
The chin remains in the midline
What, supplying joints, can be damaged by dislocations?
Arteries
If an artery supplying a joint is compromised by the dislocation of that joint, blood flow (proximally / distally) may also be compromised.
distally
Why are dislocations painful?
Joints are well innervated
