2: Joints and dislocations

Question 1

The skeleton is made up of bones and ___.

Answer 1

cartilage

Question 2

Cartilage is (more / less) rigid than bone.

Answer 2

less

Question 3

Movement of the skeleton occurs at ___.

Answer 3

joints

Question 4

___ muscles contract to move bones.

Answer 4

Skeletal

Question 5

Print joint man at some point (slide 4)

Question 6

What are the three different kinds of joint?

Answer 6

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 7

What are two examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 7

Syndesmoses - fibrous sheets which unite bones e.g interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula

Sutures - e.g coronal suture of skull

Question 8

Give an example of a fibrous syndesmosis.

Answer 8

Interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula

Question 9

Give an example of a fibrous suture found in the skull.

Answer 9

Coronal suture

Sagittal suture

Question 10

What are the neonatal equivalents of fibrous sutures, which slide around to accomodate passage through the birth canal?

Answer 10

Fontanelles

Question 11

Give an example of a primary cartillaginous joint.

Answer 11

Epiphyseal growth plate

Question 12

Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint.

Answer 12

Intervertebral disc

Question 13

Cartilaginous joints are prone to __ if they fall out of alignment.

Answer 13

slip

Question 14

Which type of joint accomodates the articulation of 2+ bones?

Answer 14

Synovial joint

Question 15

The articular surfaces of a synovial joint are covered with ___ cartilage.

Answer 15

hyaline

Question 16

___ wrap around synovial joints.

Answer 16

Capsules

Question 17

What is contained within the cavity of a synovial joint?

Answer 17

Synovial fluid

Question 18

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Answer 18

Lubricates joint and nourishes the tissue

Question 19

What are bursae?

Answer 19

Sacs which reduce friction around a synovial joint

Question 20

Patients with abnormally mobile / flexible joints have either natural or pathological ___.

Answer 20

hypermobility

Question 21

What is subluxation?

Answer 21

Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

Question 22

What is dislocation?

Answer 22

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

Question 23

What are some common dislocations?

Answer 23

Temporomandibular joints

Shoulder joints

Hip joints (more common after hip replacement)

Interphalangeal joints (ewww)

Question 24

What bones articulate around the temporomandibular joint?

Which part of the bones specifically?

Answer 24

Mandible and temporal bone

Mandible: condylar process

Temporal bone: articular tubercle and mandibular fossa

Question 25

In a dislocation of the TMJ, the head of the condylar process becomes stuck **(anterior / posterior****)** to the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

Answer 25

**anterior**

Question 26

How would you tell that a TMJ dislocation had occured **bilaterally**?

Answer 26

The chin remains in the **midline**

Question 27

What, supplying joints, can be damaged by dislocations?

Answer 27

**Arteries**

Question 28

If an artery supplying a joint is compromised by the dislocation of that joint, blood flow **(proximally / distally)** may also be compromised.

Answer 28

**distally**

Question 29

Why are dislocations painful?

Answer 29

**Joints are well innervated**