8: Lower GI Flashcards
What is the sequence of organs in the lower GI tract?
Large intestine (caecum, appendix, colon)
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus
What divides the upper and lower GI tracts?
Ileocecal junction
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
T10
Which two cavities are contained within the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneal cavity
Retroperitoneum
What is the peritoneum?
A continuous serous membrane which secretes peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity
What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
Visceral peritoneum (invests organs)
Parietal peritoneum (touches internal body wall)
What does retroperitoneal mean?
Lying posterior to the peritoneum
What is peritonitis?
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Which organs are intraperitoneal?
Stomach
Spleen
Liver + gall bladder
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
Kidneys
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
What is the duodenum?
First part of the small intestine
Which structure separates the stomach and the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
What attaches the small intestine to the body wall?
Mesentery
Which quadrant is the small intestine located in?
All four quadrants
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
in that order.
What occurs in the large intestine?
Reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes
In which quadrant is the large intestine located?
All four quadrants
What is the first part of the large intestine called?
Caecum
Starting at the ileocecal junction, and excluding the appendix, name the sections of the large intestine in the correct order.
Ileocecal Junction
Caecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
What structures are at the terminal end of the large intestine?
Rectum and anus
What is the function of the rectum and anus?
Stool formation
Waste excretion
The muscular wall of the rectum and anal canal is made up of ___ muscle.
The sphincter forming the anus is made up of ___ muscle.
smooth , skeletal
What is peristalsis?
Waves of simulatenous:
Shortening
Narrowing
of a segment of GI tract, pushing material forward.
Which layer of muscle shortens the GI tract during peristalsis?
Outer, longitudinal layer
Which layer of muscle narrows the GI tract during peristalsis?
Inner, circular layer
The type of mucosa in different sections of the GI tract is designed to fulfil the ___ of that section.
function
Protective, secretory, absorptive
Match the types of mucosa to the stomach, small intestine, oesophagus and large intestine.
Oesophagus: protective mucosa
Stomach: secretory mucosa
Small intestine: absorptive mucosa
Large intestine: absorptive mucosa
Name some sphincters found in the GI tract.
Cricopharyngeal sphincter (UOS)
Lower oesophageal sphincter (functional(
Pyloric sphincter
Ileocaecal valve
Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter
