5: Reproductive Flashcards
What is a gamete?
A haploid sex cell
What are male gametes called?
Spermatozoa
What are female gametes called?
Oocytes / Ova
During fertilisation, two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid ___.
zygote
Where in the uterus is the site of fertilisation?
Ampulla
The pelvic cavity is ___ with the abdominal cavity.
continuous
The pelvic cavity is found between the pelvic ___ and the pelvic ___.
inlet , outlet
Where does the pelvic outlet lead to?
The perineum
Which type of muscle forms the pelvic floor?
Skeletal muscle
What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?
Pelvic floor
Why are there openings in the pelvic floor?
Allows for passage of alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts
What material forms the pelvic roof?
Parietal peritoneum
Which area of the pelvis is lined by parietal peritoneum?
Pelvic roof - separates the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
In females, what is the most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity, which can fill with abnormal fluid if a patient stands upright?
Rectouterine pouch / Pouch of Douglas
Which pouch is found between the bladder and the uterus?
Vesico-uterine pouch
What are the female reproductive organs?
Ovaries
What are the four main organs of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
What are the three layers of the uterine wall, from superficial to deep?
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Where does fertilisation occur?
In the ampulla
Where does implantation occur?
Body of the uterus
Which hair-like structures push the ovum into the infundibulum of the uterine tube?
Fimbriae
Which hair-like structures move the ovum along the uterine tube?
Cilia
What contracts to expel an unfertilisied ovum from the reproductive tract during menstruation?
Myometrium
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Occurs when a fertilised ovum implants OUTWITH the uterine cavity
Why are ectopic pregnancies dangerous?
Haemorrhage possible
What female sterilisation procedure involves clipping, cutting or cauterising the uterine tubes?
Tubal ligation
Which part of the male reproductive system holds the testes?
Scrotum
Which part of the male reproductive tract passes urine and sperm?
Urethra
Where do the testes originate during foetal development?
Posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
During development, the testes ___ into the scrotum.
descend
What name is given to the tube that the sperm passes through?
Vas deferens
Where exactly in the testis is sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules
Outline the route taken through the testis by sperm following its production in the seminiferous tubules.
Seminiferous tubules
⇒ Rete testis
⇒ Head of the epididymis
⇒ Vas deferens
What structures are found in the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins
The spermatic cord contains the vas ___, ___ artery and ___ plexus of veins.
deferens , testicular , pampiniform
Which movement of the testes causes a disrupted blood supply and severe pain?
Testicular torsion
Which glands produce seminal fluid?
Right and left seminal glands
Which gland is found just inferior to the seminal glands?
Prostate gland
What is the function of the urethra?
- Drains urine from bladder
- Passes semen during ejaculation
What are the main organs of the male reproductive system?
Testes
Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis
By which route do the spermatic cords reach the pelvic cavity?
Inguinal canal
Which male sterilisation procedure involves the cutting of the vas deferens bilaterally?
Vasectomy
