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National Exam > 9 - Muscular System > Flashcards

9 - Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

The point where muscle attaches to the moving bone is referred to as the _____

A

Insertion

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2
Q

The connective tissue that binds muscles together is the ______

A

Fascia

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3
Q

Lack of oxygen to the muscle causes _____

A

Ischemia

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4
Q

RICE is the acronym for _____

A

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

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5
Q

The fleshy part of a muscle is the _____

A

Belly

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6
Q

A progressive loss of muscle fibers without any nervous system involvement is caused by _____

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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7
Q

A progressive weakening of the muscle caused by degenerating neurons is ______

A

Muscular atrophy

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8
Q

The study of the muscular system is called _____

A

Myology

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9
Q

The condition in which the tendon sheath is inflamed is called _____

A

Tenosynovitis

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10
Q

The number of muscles in the human body is ____

A

630

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11
Q

____ is a condition also known as wry neck.

A

Torticollis

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12
Q

The only one of the following conditions that could be caused by poisoning would be:

a. Poliomyelitis
b. Anterior compartment syndrome
c. Myositis ossificans
d. Acquired toxic myopathy

A

Acquired toxic myopathy

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13
Q

____ means pear-shaped.

A

Piriformis

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14
Q

Spreading your fingers is an example of _____

A

Abduction

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15
Q

The rotator cuff muscles include ____

A

Teres minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus

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16
Q

The study of the muscular system.

A

Myology

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17
Q

Muscles also called striated (striped) are referred to as voluntary muscles because they enable conscious movements.

A

Skeletal muscles

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18
Q

Non striated (striped) muscles that contract involuntarily; they line various internal organs and blood vessels.

A

Smooth muscles

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19
Q

Muscle found only in the heart and is striated (striped) but also contracts involuntarily.

A

Cardiac muscle

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20
Q

The point where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone. It is usually closest to the trunk of the body, or proximal.

A

Origin

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21
Q

The mid-portion of the muscle, or fleshy part between the insertion and origin.

A

Belly

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22
Q

The prime mover that is the main muscle that contracts to perform an action.

A

Agonist

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23
Q

The opposing muscle that stretches and yields to the actions of the agonist.

A

Antagonist

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24
Q

Another term for connective tissue.

A

Fascia

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25
Q

What fascia keeps the muscles separated from the skin?

A

Superficial fascia

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26
Q

Which fascia holds in body temperature and serves as muscle protection.

A

Adipose fascia

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27
Q

Which fascia lines the body walls and related muscles together in addition to carrying blood and lymph vessels?

A

Deep fascia

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28
Q

The outer layer of the muscle that covers the whole muscle.

A

Epimysium

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29
Q

The center layer of the muscle that surrounds muscle fibers that are separated into groups of fascicles.

A

Perimysium

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30
Q

Muscle fibers that are separated into groups of 10 to more than 100.

A

Fascicles

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31
Q

The thin sheet of connective tissue that surrounds the inside of each fascicle and separates the individual muscle fibers.

A

Endomysium

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32
Q

What each individual muscle fiber in composed of.

A

Myofibrils

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33
Q

Cords of thick tissue that serve as the attachments between skeletal muscle and bone.

A

Tendons

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34
Q

A connective tissue that stretches over a broad, flat area, such as on the heel or the top of the head.

A

Aponeurosis

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35
Q

The ability for muscle tissue to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals.

A

Electrical excitability

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36
Q

The ability for muscle tissue to contract when stimulated by a nerve signal.

A

Contractility

37
Q

The ability for muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged.

A

Extensibility

38
Q

The ability for muscle tissue to return to its original shape and length after it has been contracted or extended.

A

Elasticity

39
Q

A gap between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber where nerve signals are transmitted.

A

Synapse

40
Q

The three proteins that muscles are made of.

A

Contractile
Regulatory
Structural

41
Q

What is the synapse known as?

A

Neuromuscular junction

42
Q

Muscle fibers that are tiny and contract slowly. They are capable of prolonged contraction - for instance, enabling us to stand for hours.

A

Slow-twitch fibers

43
Q

Muscle fibers that are larger in diameter and can produce the most powerful contractions, but fatigue quickly.

A

Fast-twitch fibers

44
Q

An alternating pattern of motor units being active and inactive, resulting in keeping the muscle firm without causing any action causes _____

A

Muscle tone

45
Q

A characteristic of muscle fibers where the stimulus must be strong enough to excite the entire fiber - or none of the muscle will react.

A

All-or-none response

46
Q

Action where the bone (and muscle) is coming closer to the midline.

A

Adduction

47
Q

Action where the bone (and muscle) is moving away from the midline.

A

Abduction

48
Q

Decreasing the angle of a joint.

A

Flexion

49
Q

Movement turning inward.

A

Inversion

50
Q

Movement turning upward.

A

Supination

51
Q

Movement turning downward.

A

Pronation

52
Q

A muscle that moves bone away from the midline.

A

Abductor

53
Q

A muscle that moves bone closer to the midline.

A

Adductor

54
Q

The main muscle that contracts to perform an action; also known as the prime mover.

A

Agonist

55
Q

The opposing muscle that stretches and yields to the the agonist.

A

Antagonist

56
Q

Muscle having two heads.

A

Biceps

57
Q

Shortest muscle.

A

Brevis

58
Q

A muscle that turns inferiorly or posteriorly.

A

Pronator

59
Q

A muscle that produces inferior motions.

A

Depressor

60
Q

A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint.

A

Flexor

61
Q

A muscle that contracts to stabilize intermediate joints to either help prevent unwanted movements or aid the movement of the agonist.

A

Synergist

62
Q

Stretching or tearing of a ligament.

A

Sprain

63
Q

Tearing of a muscle itself and is usually less serious.

A

Strain

64
Q

A general term that refers to any disease of the muscle.

A

Myopathy

65
Q

A progressive weakening of the muscle caused by degenerating neurons.

A

Muscular atrophy

66
Q

A collective term for diseases that cause a progressive loss of muscle fibers without any nervous system involvement.

A

Muscular dystrophy

67
Q

A benign tumor composed of muscle tissue.

A

Myoma

68
Q

Inflammation of the muscle.

A

Myositis

69
Q

When muscle tissue accumulates calcium deposits and begins to harden.

A

Myositis ossificans

70
Q

A permanent shortening of a muscle

A

Contracture

71
Q

A permanent shortening of a muscle caused by damaged or destroyed muscle fibers being replaced by scar tissue, usually caused by a lack of circulation from some outside interference such as cast or elastic bandage that is too tight.

A

Volkmann contracture

72
Q

A painless thickening of the fascia in the palm of the hand that results in the inability to move the digits.

A

Dupuytren contracture

73
Q

Tender areas of hyperirritability that cause sensations to be referred to an area outside of the specific tenderness.

A

Trigger points

74
Q

Damage to muscle caused by environmental toxins or by a failure of the body to metabolize certain nutrients; not a genetic condition.

A

Acquired metabolic and toxic myopathies

75
Q

Another term for shin splints.

A

Anterior compartment syndrome

76
Q

A chronic condition characterized by severe chronic fatigue of six months or longer duration. Linked to the Epstein-Barr virus.

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

77
Q

An unusually painful muscle contraction.

A

Cramp/spasm

78
Q

Muscles that are weak, lax or soft

A

Flaccidity

79
Q

A protrusion of an organ or other tissue through an abnormal opening in the wall of the cavity normally containing it, or in the soft tissue.

A

Hernia

80
Q

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot; very painful.

A

Plantar fasciitis

81
Q

An acute viral disease that can end in permanent muscle atrophy and contracture.

A

Poliomyelitis

82
Q

A neuromuscular syndrome that may develop years after recovering from polio.

A

Post-polio syndrome

83
Q

A tear in one of the rotator cuff muscles.

A

Rotator cuff tear

84
Q

Tenderness, swelling and pain of the anterior leg muscles.

A

Shin splint

85
Q

A condition characterized by increased muscle tone in which abnormal stretch reflexes intensify muscle resistance to passive movements.

A

Spasticity

86
Q

Inflammation of tendons and muscle attachments.

A

Tendinitis

87
Q

Inflammation of the tendon sheath (covering).

A

Tenosynovitis

88
Q

A contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing a twisted neck and unnatural head position; sometimes referred to as “wry neck”.

A

Torticollis

National Exam (22 decks)

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