18 - The Urinary System Flashcards
The tubule opening of the nephron where water and solutes empty from the bloodstream
Bowman capsule
A small vessel that conveys blood to the glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
Inlet on the renal pelvis where urine is collected from the renal pyramids
Calyx
Twisted segments of the nephrons on either side of the loop of Henle. The proximal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron; the distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron.
Convoluted tubule
A small vessel that conveys blood away from the glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
A measurement of the kidney’s ability to filter and and remove waste products from the blood
Glomerular filtration rate
A network of capillaries inside the Bowman capsule involved in filtering blood
Glomerulus
The curved area of the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureters enter or leave the kidney
Hilus
One of the two large, bean-shaped organs that are the main filters of blood
Kidney
The U-shaped part of a nephron
The Loop of Henle
Urination
Micturiton
The small filtering unit in the kidney made up of blood vessels and tubules; it is the working unit of the kidney.
Nephron
A projection that has small openings through which urine drains out of the nephron
Papilla
A vessel arising from the efferent arteriole that runs alongside and around the renal tubules and drains into the renal venous system
Peritubular capillary
Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the kidneys
Renal capsule
The center of the kidney, where the renal pyramids are located
Renal medulla
The extension of the ureters inside the kidney that collects urine from the calyces and sends it down the ureters
Renal pelvis
A triangular area in the kidney that contains nephrons
Renal pyramid
One of two tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureter
The tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
The sac that holds urine before it is expelled from the body; urination occurs when the bladder contracts.
Urinary bladder
The liquid waste excreted from the kidneys
Urine
A sudden decline of renal function
Acute renal failure
An excess amount of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Azotemia
A gradual decline in renal function
Chronic renal failure
An inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
A protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vaginal canal, resulting in incontinence
Cystocele
A mechanical filtering of the blood done as a treatment for kidney failure
Dialysis
Incontinence, including bed-wetting
Enuresis
An inflammation of the capillary loops in the nephrons; an autoimmune disease.
Glomerulonephritis
The presence of ketones, a metabolism that can create a life-threatening condition. In a diabetic subject it indicates an absence of insulin.
Ketosis
A nonsurgical blasting of kidney stones with sound waves to break them up
Lithotripsy
An inflammation of the nephrons of the kidney
Nephritis
An inflammation caused by an excess amount of proteins in the urine, resulting in edema
Nephrotic syndrome
Frequent night-time urination
Nocturia
A rare genetic condition in which the kidneys contain many cysts, resulting in chronic kidney failure usually in late middle age
Polycystic kidney disease
An inflammation of the kidney caused by a bacterial infection
Pyelonephritis
A kidney stone
Renal calculus
A narrowing of any of the renal tubes
Renal stricture
An inflammation of the urethra
Urethritis
An inability to urinate or failure to empty the bladder totally; bladder pressure being unable to overcome urethral resistance. It can caused by a weak bladder wall or urethral obstruction.
Urinary retention
An inflammation of any of the structures of the urinary system
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Another name for kidney stones
Urolithiasis
