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National Exam > 18 - The Urinary System > Flashcards

18 - The Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

The tubule opening of the nephron where water and solutes empty from the bloodstream

A

Bowman capsule

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1
Q

A small vessel that conveys blood to the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

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2
Q

Inlet on the renal pelvis where urine is collected from the renal pyramids

A

Calyx

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3
Q

Twisted segments of the nephrons on either side of the loop of Henle. The proximal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron; the distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron.

A

Convoluted tubule

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4
Q

A small vessel that conveys blood away from the glomerulus

A

Efferent arteriole

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5
Q

A measurement of the kidney’s ability to filter and and remove waste products from the blood

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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6
Q

A network of capillaries inside the Bowman capsule involved in filtering blood

A

Glomerulus

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7
Q

The curved area of the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureters enter or leave the kidney

A

Hilus

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8
Q

One of the two large, bean-shaped organs that are the main filters of blood

A

Kidney

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9
Q

The U-shaped part of a nephron

A

The Loop of Henle

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10
Q

Urination

A

Micturiton

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11
Q

The small filtering unit in the kidney made up of blood vessels and tubules; it is the working unit of the kidney.

A

Nephron

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12
Q

A projection that has small openings through which urine drains out of the nephron

A

Papilla

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13
Q

A vessel arising from the efferent arteriole that runs alongside and around the renal tubules and drains into the renal venous system

A

Peritubular capillary

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14
Q

Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the kidneys

A

Renal capsule

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15
Q

The center of the kidney, where the renal pyramids are located

A

Renal medulla

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16
Q

The extension of the ureters inside the kidney that collects urine from the calyces and sends it down the ureters

A

Renal pelvis

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17
Q

A triangular area in the kidney that contains nephrons

A

Renal pyramid

18
Q

One of two tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

19
Q

The tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

20
Q

The sac that holds urine before it is expelled from the body; urination occurs when the bladder contracts.

A

Urinary bladder

21
Q

The liquid waste excreted from the kidneys

A

Urine

22
Q

A sudden decline of renal function

A

Acute renal failure

23
Q

An excess amount of nitrogenous waste products in the blood

A

Azotemia

24
Q

A gradual decline in renal function

A

Chronic renal failure

25
Q

An inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

Cystitis

26
Q

A protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vaginal canal, resulting in incontinence

A

Cystocele

27
Q

A mechanical filtering of the blood done as a treatment for kidney failure

A

Dialysis

28
Q

Incontinence, including bed-wetting

A

Enuresis

29
Q

An inflammation of the capillary loops in the nephrons; an autoimmune disease.

A

Glomerulonephritis

30
Q

The presence of ketones, a metabolism that can create a life-threatening condition. In a diabetic subject it indicates an absence of insulin.

A

Ketosis

31
Q

A nonsurgical blasting of kidney stones with sound waves to break them up

A

Lithotripsy

32
Q

An inflammation of the nephrons of the kidney

A

Nephritis

33
Q

An inflammation caused by an excess amount of proteins in the urine, resulting in edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

Frequent night-time urination

A

Nocturia

35
Q

A rare genetic condition in which the kidneys contain many cysts, resulting in chronic kidney failure usually in late middle age

A

Polycystic kidney disease

36
Q

An inflammation of the kidney caused by a bacterial infection

A

Pyelonephritis

37
Q

A kidney stone

A

Renal calculus

38
Q

A narrowing of any of the renal tubes

A

Renal stricture

39
Q

An inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

40
Q

An inability to urinate or failure to empty the bladder totally; bladder pressure being unable to overcome urethral resistance. It can caused by a weak bladder wall or urethral obstruction.

A

Urinary retention

41
Q

An inflammation of any of the structures of the urinary system

A

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

42
Q

Another name for kidney stones

A

Urolithiasis

National Exam (22 decks)

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