Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

National Exam > 14 - The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

14 - The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

Transport gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body tissues; remove waste products from the tissues; regulate the body’s pH; regulate the amounts of fluid present in the tissues; assist in regulating body temperature; and protect against pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The study of the heart and the circulatory system and it’s diseases and disorders.

A

Cardiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percent is the plasma in the blood?

A

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma is composed of what percent of water?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Regulates the blood pressure by functioning like a sponge to keep water in the vascular compartment to maintain plasma volume.

A

Albumins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Helps fight infection and transport a variety of substances.

A

Globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes blood to clot.

A

Fibrinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of blood is red blood cells?

A

40 -50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Another term for red blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Another term for white blood cells.

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell fragments that contribute to blood clotting.

A

Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The process of blood clotting.

A

Coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Another term for blood clot.

A

Thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A blood clot that breaks free and moves through the vessel.

A

Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The blood types depend on the presence or absence of what?

A

ABO antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The major vein draining the thorax and the head, ending at the right atrium.

A

Superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A large venous trunk draining the lower extremities and the abdominopelvic region.

A

Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The only veins that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

A

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A measurement of the volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute.

A

Cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A contraction of the atrium.

A

Atrial systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The pacemaker of the heart; it is the impulse-generating tissue that normally dictates heart rate.

A

Sinoatrial node (SA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The largest artery in the body; it originates at the heart and branches into the extremities, the neck, and all the major organs; supplies oxygenated blood throughout the body.

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A heart valve that divides the left ventricle from the aorta.

A

Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

A

Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A structure located between the atria and the ventricles that conducts electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular node (AV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

One of the two upper (receiving) chambers of the heart.

A

Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A pressure receptor on the inside walls of some arteries that is sensitive to stretching of the walls occurring from an increase in pressure.

A

Baroreceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The heart valve that divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. It has two flaps; also known as the mitral valve.

A

Bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A group of specialized cells that rapidly conduct electrical impulses down into the ventricles.

A

Bundle branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The smallest blood vessel that contains oxygenated blood.

A

Capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The complete round of circulation from the time one event in the heart occurs until the instant when the same event occurs again.

A

Cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A measurement of the volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute.

A

Cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Referring to a slowing of the heart rate.

A

Cardioinhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The A-B-C procedure to artificially return the heartbeat to normal. Establish an airway, provide ventilation to restart breathing, and perform chest compressions to reestablish circulation.

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cells that are specialized to rapidly spread the electrical signal through the myocardium.

A

Conduction pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood.

A

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

An outlet that drains the five coronary veins into the right atrium.

A

Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The time it takes in between ventricular contractions for ventricular filling to occur; the phase during which the heart muscle relaxes.

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The innermost of the three layers of the heart wall.

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The outermost of the three layers of the heart wall.

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The number of beats per minute.

A

Heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A venous system draining the intestines that leads to a second set of capillaries in the liver.

A

Hepatic portal system

43
Q

The cavity in a blood vessel through which blood flows.

A

Lumen

44
Q

The middle of the three layers forming the wall of the heart; the muscular wall of the heart.

A

Myocardium

45
Q

The concentration of hydrogen ion, used as a scale to denote acidity or alkalinity.

A

PH scale

46
Q

The circulation of blood through the lungs.

A

Pulmonary circulation

47
Q

A valve that divides the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

A

Pulmonary valve

48
Q

Veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

A

Pulmonary veins

49
Q

A type of fiber that stimulates the contraction of the myocardium.

A

Purkinje fibers

50
Q

The pacemaker tissue of the heart; an impulse-generating tissue.

A

Sinoatrial node (SA)

51
Q

The amount of blood that is pumped out of one ventricle as a result of one contraction of the cardiac muscle.

A

Stroke volume

52
Q

A nerve or substance that causes a blood vessel to constrict.

A

Vasoconstrictor

53
Q

A nerve or substance that causes a blood vessel to dilate.

A

Vasodilator

54
Q

A vessel that carries blood toward the heart.

A

Vein

55
Q

The chamber of the heart responsible for pumping the blood.

A

Ventricle

56
Q

A tiny vessel that collectively forms veins.

A

Venule

57
Q

A life-threatening allergic reaction resulting in difficulty breathing and low blood pressure.

A

Anaphylactic shock

58
Q

A deficiency of red blood cells that results in too little oxygen reaching tissues and organs.

A

Anemia

59
Q

A blood-filled, pulsing sac formed by the dilation of the wall of an artery or vein.

A

Aneurysm

60
Q

Chest pain resulting from inadequate oxygen reaching the heart muscle, characterized by a “squeezing” feeling in the middle of the chest; usually caused by atherosclerosis.

A

Angina

61
Q

A total lack of oxygen in the tissues.

A

Anoxia

62
Q

A condition resulting from the bone marrow producing too few red and white blood cells; too little oxygen reaches the organs and tissues; the usual causes are drugs, radiation, and/or cancer.

A

Aplastic anemia

63
Q

An irregular heartbeat.

A

Arrhythmia

64
Q

A general term for hardening or calcification of the arteries.

A

Arteriosclerosis

65
Q

A progressive narrowing and hardening of the walls of the arteries caused by fatty deposits that build on the inner walls of the arteries and interfere with blood flow.

A

Atherosclerosis

66
Q

A decrease in red and white blood cells and platelets, leading to anemia, increased risk for infections, and excess bleeding.

A

Bone marrow suppression

67
Q

An unusual slowness of the heartbeat.

A

Bradycardia

68
Q

A complete shutdown of the heart’s pumping action, probably caused by a heart attack, respiratory arrest, electrical shock, extreme cold, blood loss, drug overdose, or severe allergic reaction.

A

Cardiac arrest

69
Q

Inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues caused by heart failure, causing depression of all bodily functions.

A

Cardiogenic shock

70
Q

A birth defect that results in the aorta being too narrow for sufficient blood transport.

A

Coarctation of the aorta

71
Q

An insufficient pumping action of the heart that leads to an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and swelling of the lower extremities.

A

Congestive heart failure

72
Q

A narrowing of the arteries that prevents adequate blood flow to the heart, ultimately resulting in a heart attack.

A

Coronary artery disease

73
Q

A blue tint to the skin, nails, or mucous membranes resulting from a lack of oxygen in the arterial blood.

A

Cyanosis

74
Q

Blood clots in the veins of the inner thigh or leg that have the potential to break off and go into the lungs, causing respiratory distress or failure.

A

Deep vein thrombosis

75
Q

Swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space.

A

Edema

76
Q

A blood clot that forms in the vessel in one part of the body and travels to another part.

A

Embolus

77
Q

Tissue death from a lack of oxygen or nutrients, resulting in bacterial infection and putrefaction.

A

Gangrene

78
Q

The delay or complete block of electrical impulses in the heart.

A

Heart block

79
Q

An anemia resulting from red cells that survive an abnormally short time.

A

Hemolytic anemia

80
Q

A genetic condition characterized by the absence of clotting factors in the blood.

A

Hemophilia

81
Q

Anemia resulting from a loss of blood.

A

Hemorrhagic anemia

82
Q

A painful swelling varicosity around the opening of the anus.

A

Hemorrhoid

83
Q

Persistently high blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

84
Q

Abnormally low blood pressure.

A

Hypotension

85
Q

Abnormally low levels of plasma in the blood, resulting in the inability to maintain proper blood pressure and tissue function, and profound physical depression of the entire body.

A

Hypovolemic shock

86
Q

A decrease of oxygen to an area even though there may be adequate blood flow.

A

Hypoxia

87
Q

A malignancy of the blood-forming tissue, causing a seriously abnormal increase of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the tissue.

A

Leukemia

88
Q

A floppy bicuspid valve that is working incorrectly, usually causes no symptoms.

A

Mitral valve proplapse

89
Q

An irreversible injury to the heart muscle; commonly known as a heart attack.

A

Myocardial infarction

90
Q

Abnormal heart function caused by a lack of sufficient oxygen to the heart muscle; may lead to electrical arrhythmias, mechanical dysfunction of the heart, angina, or myocardial infarction.

A

Myocardial ischemia

91
Q

An abnormal heart sound most often caused by heart valves not functioning correctly.

A

Murmur

92
Q

Cell death caused by disease or injury; may progress to include tissue and organ damage.

A

Necrosis

93
Q

Anemia caused by a deficiency of iron, folic acid, vitamins, or proteins necessary to build red blood cells.

A

Nutritional anemia

94
Q

A birth defect causing the normal channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery to fail to close.

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

95
Q

An inflammation of the pericardium.

A

Pericarditis

96
Q

An anemia that results from an insufficient number of red blood cells caused by the lack of vitamin B12 in the body.

A

Pernicious anemia

97
Q

The inflammation of a vein.

A

Phlebitis

98
Q

Blood vessel spasms in the fingers and toe, resulting in pallor (discoloration); indicative of a lack of circulation.

A

Raynaud disease

99
Q

A birth defect involving a hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart.

A

Septal defect

100
Q

The presence of bacteria in the blood.

A

Septicemia

101
Q

A frequently fatal type of shock that often accompanies burns or traumatic abdominal wounds resulting from endotoxins (toxin-like cells that bind to bacteria) released by the infecting bacteria.

A

Septic shock

102
Q

A type of blood disease common in African Americans and others who originate in areas where malaria is common.

A

Sickle cell anemia

103
Q

An excessively rapid heartbeat, usually classified as more than 100 beats per minute.

A

Tachycardia

104
Q

A congenital birth defect in which the aorta is on the wrong side; the most serious of several heart conditions occurring together and resulting in a “blue baby” from lack of oxygen.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

105
Q

An inflammation of a vein with the potential for blood clotting.

A

Thrombophlebitis

106
Q

An abnormal swelling of the veins of the legs.

A

Varicose veins

National Exam (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions