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National Exam > 16 - The Respiratory System > Flashcards

16 - The Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

The larger air passages in the lungs.

A

Bronchi

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1
Q

Small sacs in the lungs that fill with air from the alveolar ducts (singular alveolus).

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

A tiny branch of the bronchi that connects to the alveoli.

A

Bronchiole

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3
Q

The outer curved part of the nasal cavities that acts as a filter for dust, and to warm and moisten the incoming air.

A

Choana

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4
Q

A dome-shaped muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities; controls regular, relaxed breathing by contracting and relaxing.

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

A cartilaginous flap above the glottis that closes while food or liquid is passing through the pharynx.

A

Epiglottis

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6
Q

Breathing out

A

Exhalation

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7
Q

Another term for exhalation (breathing out).

A

Expiration

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8
Q

The vocal cords and the opening between them.

A

Glottis

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9
Q

Breathing in

A

Inhalation

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10
Q

Another term for inhalation (breathing in).

A

Inspiration

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11
Q

The bottom part of the pharynx.

A

Laryngopharynx

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12
Q

The voice box

A

Larynx

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13
Q

The main breathing organs in the chest that bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide.

A

Lungs

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14
Q

Any of the passages in the nasal passages.

A

Nasal cavity

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15
Q

The part of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate.

A

Nasopharynx

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16
Q

External openings of the nose that provide air passage and secretions from the nose and eyes.

A

Nostrils

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17
Q

The part of the throat located at the back of the mouth.

A

Oropharynx

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18
Q

The outer layer of the pleural membrane.

A

Parietal pleura

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19
Q

The cavity at the back of the mouth that opens to the esophagus and larynx.

A

Pharynx

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20
Q

The volume of air left in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.

A

Residual volume

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21
Q

An air-filled cavity

A

Sinus

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22
Q

The volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a normal, resting breathing cycle.

A

Tidal volume

23
Q

The volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

A

Total lung capacity

24
Q

The inner layer of the pleural membrane

A

Visceral pleura

25
Q

The volume of gas that can be exhaled from the lungs at maximum inhalation.

A

Vital capacity

26
Q

A number of conditions in which the lungs receive inadequate oxygen; may be caused by a pathological condition or by exposure to smoke, pollution, or toxic chemicals, resulting in shortness of breath.

A

Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS)

27
Q

The temporary cessation of breathing (usually occurs during sleep)

A

Apnea

28
Q

A condition caused by an inadequate intake of oxygen.

A

Asphyxia

29
Q

The accidental inhalation of foreign matter into the bronchial system.

A

Aspiration

30
Q

A disease characterized by narrowing of the bronchial tubes, making breathing difficult.

A

Asthma

31
Q

Abnormally slow breathing

A

Bradypnea

32
Q

Inflammation of the bronchi

A

Bronchitis

33
Q

An irregular breathing pattern consisting of periods of maximum respiration followed by a progressive decrease until apnea results; often seen in comatose or brain-injured patients.

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

34
Q

A progressive disease characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, and chronic coughing, usually caused by smoking; usually a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

35
Q

Profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose.

A

Coryza

36
Q

A common genetic disorder of infants and children in which thick, viscous mucus is produced in the respiratory tract; the exocrine glands do not secrete properly, and a predisposition to bacterial infections exists in the lungs.

A

Cystic fibrosis

37
Q

Shortness of breath

A

Dyspnea

38
Q

A lung disease in which tissue deterioration results in increased air retention and reduced exchange of gases. The result is difficulty breathing and shortness of breath; usually caused by smoking.

A

Emphysema

39
Q

A common nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

40
Q

A seasonal rhinitis resulting from an allergic reaction to pollen.

A

Hay fever

41
Q

Coughing up blood from lungs or airways

A

Hemoptysis

42
Q

An involuntary spastic contraction of the diaphragm.

A

Hiccup

43
Q

Abnormally deep or fast respiration, in which excessive quantities of air are taken in, causing buzzing in the ears, tingling in the extremities, and sometimes fainting.

A

Hyperventilation

44
Q

An acute viral infection involving the respiration tract and other body systems.

A

Influenza

45
Q

A cancerous growth in the lung tissue.

A

Lung cancer

46
Q

An inflammation of the covering around the lungs.

A

Pleurisy

47
Q

An inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterial or viral infection, which causes fever, shortness of breath, and the coughing up of phlegm (mucus and other material produced by the lining of the respiratory tract; also called sputum).

A

Pneumonia

48
Q

A collapsed lung caused by accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall.

A

Pneumothorax

49
Q

The abnormal collection of fluid in the lungs.

A

Pulmonary edema

50
Q

An inability of the lungs to conduct gas exchange.

A

Respiratory failure

51
Q

Asthma, hay fever, and other conditions caused by oversensitivity of any part of the respiratory system.

A

Respiratory hypersensitivity

52
Q

A failure to provide adequate oxygen to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory insufficiency

53
Q

An inflammation of mucous membranes in the nose; the common cold.

A

Rhinitis

54
Q

Pain or discomfort from inflammation of any combination of the tonsils, larynx, or pharynx; also called pharyngitis.

A

Sore throat

55
Q

Exaggeratedly rapid breathing

A

Tachypnea

56
Q

A contagious, life-threatening disease caused by a bacterial infection and spread through person-to-person contact.

A

Tuberculosis

National Exam (22 decks)

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