Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

National Exam > 3 - Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology > Flashcards

3 - Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology Flashcards

Overview of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology

1
Q

The study of the structures of the body

A

Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of the functions of the body

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The microscopic study of the structure of cells

A

Cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The study of tissue

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The study of the structure from egg to adult form

A

Developmental Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The study of the structures from the time of fertilization through the eighth week of gestation

A

Embryology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The basic unit of life

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cephalad means

A

Towards the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antibodies are molecules of ___ involved in the immune response of the body

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Etiology is the study of ______

A

The cause and origin of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The condition characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain is known as _____

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the Western anatomical position, the human body is _____

A

Standing erect, facing forward, arms at side, palms facing forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The pericaridal cavity is located within the _____

A

Thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The study of the tissues of the body is referred to as _______

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A short, severe episode is referred to as _____

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ability of an organism to cause disease is referred to as ______

A

Virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The human body is an ______

A

Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The increase in symptoms or severity of a condition is a(n)______

A

Exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ____ plane divides the body into upper and lower sections.

A

Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The disease of unknown origin is referred to as _____

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structures that can be studied without the aid of a microscope.

A

Gross anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Study of changes in structures caused by disease.

A

Pathological anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Study of a specific region in the body, such as the head or lower extremities.

A

Regional anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Study of the body through x-rays.

A

Radiographic anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Study of the body through observation and palpation.

A

Surface anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Study of specific body systems.

A

Systemic anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The study of nerves.

A

Neurophysiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The study of cell function.

A

Cell physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The study of the acute responses and long-term adaptions of the body to physical activity or exercise.

A

Exercise physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The study of movement.

A

Kinesiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Groups of similar cells combine to form _________

A

Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A collection of tissues having a specific function.

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Organs acting together to perform specific functions.

A

Organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which cavity holds the digestive organs, liver and spleen?

A

Abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which cavity describes both the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm and the pelvic cavity?

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which cavity houses the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the internal reproductive organs?

A

Pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which cavity is protected by the rib cage and contains the vital organs, such as the heart and lungs?

A

Thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which cavity within the thoracic cavity protects the heart?

A

Pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which cavity describes the combined thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Ventral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which cavity houses the brain and the spinal cavity?

A

Cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which cavity houses the spinal cord?

A

Spinal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which body system protects the body; regulate body temperature; waste elimination; production of vitamin D; detects sensations such as hot, cold and pain, etc.?

A

Integumentary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which body system supports and protects the body; aids movements; houses cells that give rise to blood cells; stores minerals and fats?

A

Skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which body system produces body movements, stabilizes posture and produces body heat?

A

Muscular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which body system regulates body activities through nerve impulses by detecting changes in body’s internal and/or external environment and reacting by causing muscle contractions or glandular secretions?

A

Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which body system carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and other wastes away from cells; helps regulate acidity, temperature, and water content in bodily fluids; blood components aid immunity and repair of damaged blood vessels?

A

Cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which body system protects against disease-causing organisms; returns proteins and other substances to blood and carries lipids from GI tract to blood?

A

Lymphatic system

48
Q

Which body system transfers oxygen from inhaled air to the blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate pH of body fluids; allows vocal cords to produce sound through air flowing out of lungs?

A

Respiratory system

49
Q

Which body system regulates the absorption of nutrients by physical and chemical breakdown of food and elimination of waste?

A

Digestive system

50
Q

Which body system regulates body activities through release of hormones?

A

Endocrine system

51
Q

Which body system produces, stores and eliminates waste products through urine; regulates blood volume, composition, and mineral balance; aids in red blood cell production?

A

Urinary system

52
Q

Which body system produces gametes in gonads for reproduction; regulates reproductive and other processes through the release of hormones?

A

Reproductive system

53
Q

Which directional term is used when it divides the body into anterior and posterior positions?

A

Frontal plane

54
Q

The frontal plane is also called _______

A

Coronal plane

55
Q

Which directional term is used when the body is divided into left and right sections?

A

Sagittal plane

56
Q

Which directional term is used when it divides the body into upper and lower sections?

A

Transverse plane

57
Q

What is another term for transverse plane?

A

Horizontal plane

58
Q

What is the direction if it is toward the front or in front of?

A

Anterior or ventral

59
Q

What direction is toward the tail or lower?

A

Caudal or inferior

60
Q

What direction is toward the head or upper?

A

Cephalad

61
Q

What direction is toward the head?

A

Cranial or superior

62
Q

What direction is far from the surface?

A

Deep

63
Q

What direction is away from a point of reference or farthest from the trunk?

A

Distal

64
Q

What direction is toward the back or in back of?

A

Dorsal or posterior

65
Q

What direction is away from the midline of the body?

A

Lateral

66
Q

What direction is toward the midline of the body?

A

Medial

67
Q

What direction is toward or nearest the trunk or point of reference?

A

Proximal

68
Q

What direction is near the surface?

A

Superficial

69
Q

What pathology focuses on the study of tissues removed from a dead or living person to diagnose disease or cause of death?

A

Anatomical pathology

70
Q

What type of pathology is actually a number of subdisciplines that are often referred to as laboratory medicine: chemistry, histology, microbiology and other specialties?

A

Clinical pathology

71
Q

What is the study of how disease and trauma alter the normal functioning of the body?

A

Pathophysiology

72
Q

What is an organism that lives in an oxygen environment?

A

Aerobe

73
Q

What is the ability to walk?

A

Ambulatory

74
Q

What is an organism that lives in an oxygen-free environment?

A

Anaerobes

75
Q

What are the irregular structural characteristics of a cell that identify it as a malignant cancer cell?

A

An aplastic

76
Q

What is an abnormal occurrence, especially in reference to birth defects?

A

Anomaly

77
Q

A chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms and cures infections.

A

Antibiotic

78
Q

A protein produced by the body as part of its defense against foreign bacteria or blood cells.

A

Antibody

79
Q

The prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

A

Antisepsis

80
Q

A substance that kills or prohibits the growth of microorganisms.

A

Antiseptic

81
Q

Free from germs.

A

Asepsis

82
Q

A wasting away or decrease in size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part of the body caused by lack of nourishment, inactivity or loss of nerve supply.

A

Atrophy

83
Q

A situation in which the body produces an immune response against its own organs or tissues, causing severe inflammation and chronic conditions.

A

Autoimmunity

84
Q

Mcroorganisms capable of reproduction; some strains cause infection (and some are beneficial).

A

Bacteria

85
Q

Referring to a tumor, or abnormal growth, that is not cancerous and does not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

A

Benign

86
Q

Slow developing, recurring.

A

Chronic

87
Q

Characterized by diminishing capabilities

A

Degenerative

88
Q

The identification of disease or trauma

A

Diagnosis

89
Q

An impairment of health that interferes with the body’s ability to function normally.

A

Disease

90
Q

The prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

A

Disinfect

91
Q

Characterizing a disease that exists in a location or group of people all the time.

A

Endemic

92
Q

A sudden outbreak of disease in numbers much higher than normal.

A

Epidemic

93
Q

The study of the cause and origin of disease.

A

Etiology

94
Q

A marked increase in symptoms or severity of disease.

A

Exacerbation

95
Q

A mold, yeast, or mushroom.

A

Fungus

96
Q

Genetically passed from parent to child.

A

Hereditary

97
Q

An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.

A

Hyperplasia

98
Q

Of unknown origin.

A

Idiopathic

99
Q

The invasion and growth of microorganisms that may cause cellular injury in tissue.

A

Infection

100
Q

A protective response from the body in response to infection or injury characterized by swelling, heat, redness and pain.

A

Inflammation

101
Q

Affecting only one part.

A

Local

102
Q

Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body.

A

Malignant

103
Q

Diseased or sick.

A

Morbid

104
Q

Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well-being.

A

Morbidity

105
Q

An abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant.

A

Neoplasm

106
Q

An epidemic that affects an expanded demographic area.

A

Pandemic

107
Q

The origin and development of disease.

A

Pathogenesis

108
Q

The study of disease.

A

Pathology

109
Q

The study of how disease and/or trauma alters the normal functioning of the body.

A

Pathophysiology

110
Q

The evidence of disease as perceived by the doctor.

A

Signs

111
Q

To destroy bacteria and other microorganisms.

A

Sterilize

112
Q

The subjective evidence of disease as perceived by the patient.

A

Symptoms

113
Q

A group of signs or symptoms characteristic of a particular disease or abnormal condition.

A

Syndrome

114
Q

Affecting the whole body.

A

Systemic

115
Q

A physical injury or wound caused by an external force of violence, which may cause death or permanent disability. Is also used to describe severe emotional or phychological shock or distress.

A

Trauma

116
Q

The ability of an organism to cause disease.

A

Virulence

117
Q

An intracelullar parasite that causes disease.

A

Virus

National Exam (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions