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National Exam > 8 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

8 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The human body has ____ bones.

A

206

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2
Q

The ____ is an example of a long bone.

A

Femur

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3
Q

The hyoid is what type of bone?

A

Irregularly shaped bone

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4
Q

The joint where two bones meet.

A

Articulation

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5
Q

Immovable joints are classified as _____

A

Synarthrotic

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6
Q

An example of a freely movable joint.

A

Hip

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7
Q

The ____ functions as a fulcrum.

A

Joint

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8
Q

The most plentiful levers in the body are _____

A

Third class

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9
Q

A meatus is ______

A

A canal

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10
Q

The coronal and sagittal sutures meet at the _____

A

Fontanel

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11
Q

Bone marrow produces ____ red blood cells every minute.

A

2,000,000

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12
Q

The end of a long bone is called the ______

A

Epiphysis

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13
Q

The adductors of the thigh are ___ levers.

A

Third-class

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14
Q

The articulating surfaces of synovial joints are referred to as ____

A

Facets

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15
Q

A cavity or slight depression on the skull.

A

Fossa

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16
Q

The study of the skeletal system.

A

Osteology

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17
Q

The branch of surgery concerned with the skeletal system.

A

Orthopedics

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18
Q

Individual bone cells.

A

Osteocytes

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19
Q

Cells that release stored mineral nutrients from the bones and produce substances that break down bone tissue to remove tissue that isn’t needed.

A

Osteoclasts

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20
Q

_______ build bone cells, repair bone tissue and stores minerals for future use.

A

Osteoblasts

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21
Q

The hardest structure in the body; a calcified tissue that surrounds the pulp cavity of a tooth.

A

Dentine

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22
Q

The hard, dense outer layer of bone.

A

Compact bone

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23
Q

The interior of the ends of the bone that is less dense, porous material that contains spaces filled with bone marrow.

A

Spongy bone

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24
Q

The shaft of the long bone.

A

Diaphysis

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25
Q

The internal space in long bones.

A

Medullary cavity

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26
Q

A layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity of the long bone.

A

Endosteum

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27
Q

A specialized connective tissue that covers the outer bone surface and acts as a connector to the tendons.

A

Periosteum

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28
Q

The production of electrical polarization in the material in the bone caused by mechanical stress.

A

Piezoelectricity

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29
Q

The part of the skeleton which includes the skull, the hyoid, the bones of the thorax, and the vertebral column.

A

Axial skeleton

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30
Q

The part of the skeleton which includes the bones of the shoulders, hips, hands, legs and feet.

A

Appendicular skeleton

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31
Q

The phalanges are an example of what type of bone?

A

Short bone

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32
Q

The scapula, ilium and sternum are examples of what type of bone?

A

Flat bone

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33
Q

The tarsus in the foot is an example of what type of bone?

A

Cuboid bone

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34
Q

Another term for synarthrotic joint.

A

Fibrous joint

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35
Q

Pubic bones and the sacroiliac are examples of what type of joint?

A

Amphiarthrotic joint

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36
Q

Another term for amphiartrotic joint.

A

Cartilaginous joint

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37
Q

Fingers are examples of what type of joint?

A

Diarthrotic or synovial joint.

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38
Q

The hip and and shoulder joints are examples of what type of joint?

A

Ball-and-socket joint

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39
Q

The elbow, knee and ankle are examples of what type of joint?

A

Hinge joint

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40
Q

Intercarpals and intertarsals are examples of what type of joint?

A

Gliding joint

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41
Q

The wrist and atlas-occipital joint, where the head is attached to the body are examples of what type of joint?

A

Ellipsoid joint

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42
Q

The joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is an example of what type of joint?

A

Pivot joint

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43
Q

Muscles are connected to the bones with _____

A

Tendons

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44
Q

Bones are connected to bones with ____

A

Ligaments

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45
Q

A deep projection in a bone (bony landmark).

A

Arch

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46
Q

A duct or channel (bony landmark); such as in the ear.

A

Canal

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47
Q

Firm, smooth, resilient nonvascular tissue.

A

Cartilage

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48
Q

A rounded projection at the articulation of an extremity (bony landmark); such as the end of the humerus.

A

Condyle

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49
Q

A bony ridge (bony landmark); such as the top of the iliac.

A

Crest

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50
Q

A bony projection on either side of a condyle area, such as the distal end of the humerus; it serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

A

Epicondyle

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51
Q

A smooth plane surface, such as the articulation of the vertebrae.

A

Facet

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52
Q

A cleft or groove (bony landmark).

A

Fissure

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53
Q

An opening for nerves or other tissue to pass through (bony landmark).

A

Foramen

54
Q

The large bony projection on the femur.

A

Greater trochanter

55
Q

A furrow or channel (bony landmark).

A

Groove

56
Q

The larger, thicker, heavier part of a bone.

A

Head

57
Q

A long, narrow ridge (bony landmark).

A

Line

58
Q

A natural passage or canal (bony landmark).

A

Meatus

59
Q

A wide, shallow depression (bony landmark).

A

Notch

60
Q

A projection (bony landmark).

A

Process

61
Q

A cavity within an organ or area (bony landmark).

A

Sinus

62
Q

A sharp, slender projection (bony landmark).

A

Spinous process

63
Q

A groove along a bone that accommodates a nerve, tendon or blood vessel (bony landmark).

A

Sulcus

64
Q

A knob, such as that found on the posterior surface of a rib at the articulation of the transverse process (bony landmark).

A

Tubercle

65
Q

A rounded elevation (bony landmark).

A

Tuberosity

66
Q

A line where the frontal section meets the two paritel sections of the skull.

A

Coronal suture

67
Q

The general term for the eight bones of the head; together with the 14 bones of the face they make up the skull.

A

Cranium

68
Q

The complex bone where the of factory nerves pass through the cranium.

A

Ethmoid

69
Q

The junction in the skull where the coronal and Sagittal sutures meet; it is membranous at birth.

A

Fontanel

70
Q

The forehead; the anterior part of the skull.

A

Frontal bone

71
Q

The thin, curvy bones on the lateral sides of the nasal cavity.

A

Inferior nasal concha

72
Q

The bone where the glands that secrete tears are located.

A

Lacrimal

73
Q

The junction of the occipital and parietal bones.

A

Lambdoidal suture

74
Q

The lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

75
Q

A bony process located at the lateral side of the skull, behind the ear.

A

Mastoid

76
Q

The upper jaw bone.

A

Maxilla

77
Q

Bone pertaining to the nose.

A

Nasal

78
Q

Referring to the back part of the head bones.

A

Occipital

79
Q

Small bones of the ears.

A

Ossicles

80
Q

A pair of bones located in the back of the mouth.

A

Palatine

81
Q

Referring to the side bones of the skull.

A

Parietal

82
Q

The suture between the two parietal bones.

A

Sagittal suture

83
Q

A wedge-shaped bone in front of the occipital bone.

A

Sphenoid

84
Q

The overlapping bone margins on the lateral side of the head.

A

Squamous suture

85
Q

A large, irregular bone situated in the base and side of the head.

A

Temporal

86
Q

The partitioning bone between the nostrils.

A

Vomer

87
Q

The bone beneath the orbit forming the cheek.

A

Zygomatic

88
Q

The first vertebra; the head sits on it.

A

Atlas

89
Q

The second vertebra; allows side-to-side movement of the head.

A

Axis

90
Q

The wrist bone.

A

Carpal

91
Q

The collar bone.

A

Clavicle

92
Q

The tail bone.

A

Coccyx

93
Q

The thigh bone.

A

Femur

94
Q

The smaller, outer lower leg bone.

A

Fibula

95
Q

The upper arm bone.

A

Humerus

96
Q

The hand bones between the wrist and the fingers.

A

Metacarpals

97
Q

The mid-bones of the foot, in between the ankle and the toes.

A

Metatarsals

98
Q

The kneecap.

A

Patella

99
Q

The hip bones.

A

Pelvic girdle

100
Q

The finger and toes bones.

A

Phalanges

101
Q

The lower arm bone on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm.

A

Radius

102
Q

Articulating from the spine, most of the bones that connect to the sternum to protect the thoracic organs.

A

Ribs

103
Q

The shoulder blade.

A

Scapula

104
Q

The breast bone.

A

Sternum

105
Q

The larger, inner lower leg bone.

A

Tibia

106
Q

The lower arm bone on the medial aspect (little finger side) of the forearm.

A

Ulna

107
Q

The bones of the back (spinal column).

A

Vertebrae

108
Q

How many vertebrae in the cervical spine?

A

7

109
Q

How many vertebrae in the thoracic spine?

A

12

110
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

111
Q

How many vertebrae are fused together to form the coccyx?

A

3-5

112
Q

A posterior curvature of the thoracic spine, also called hunchback.

A

Kyphosis

113
Q

A combination of a posterior curvature of the lumbar area and a lateral curvature.

A

Lordoscoliosis

114
Q

An anterior curvature of the lumbar area of the spine, also called swayback.

A

Lordosis

115
Q

A lateral curvature of the spine.

A

Scoliosis

116
Q

The most common type of bone cancer.

A

Osteosarcoma

117
Q

A cancer in the cartilage, usually around the pelvis or extremities, usually affects middle-aged adults.

A

Chondrosarcoma

118
Q

The displacement of a bone from its normal location.

A

Dislocation

119
Q

A partial displacement of one of the bones that comprises a joint.

A

Subluxation

120
Q

A fracture in which the skin is broken and there is an open wound down to bone.

A

Compound fracture

121
Q

A fracture in which the skin is intact at the break.

A

Closed fracture

122
Q

An inflammation of the joints.

A

Arthritis

123
Q

An inflammation of the bursa, the fluid-filled sac that lies between the bone and the tendon; caused by trauma or overuse.

A

Bursitis

124
Q

Deterioration of the cartilage on the underside of the patella.

A

Chondromalacia

125
Q

Recurring episodes of arthritis in the peripheral joints, usually the big toe caused by an excess of uric acid building up in the joint spaces.

A

Gout

126
Q

An endocrine disorder in which too much calcium is removed from the bone and put into the blood, which in turn causes bone pain.

A

Hyperparathyroidism

127
Q

Degeneration and eventual loss of the cartilage that serves as a cushion between the joints and bones.

A

Osteoarthritis

128
Q

An inflammation of the bone caused by pus-producing organism; it may involve only superficial area but is capable of penetrating through the bone.

A

Osteomyelitis

129
Q

Bone death resulting from poor blood supply to an area of bone.

A

Osteonecrosis

130
Q

A disease in which the body loses bone marrow mass and replaces it with fibrous or vascular tissue.

A

Paget disease

131
Q

A deterioration of the head of the femur at the hip joint caused by a lack of blood supply; usually occurs during childhood and primarily affects boys.

A

Perth disease

National Exam (22 decks)

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