8 - Skeletal System Flashcards
The human body has ____ bones.
206
The ____ is an example of a long bone.
Femur
The hyoid is what type of bone?
Irregularly shaped bone
The joint where two bones meet.
Articulation
Immovable joints are classified as _____
Synarthrotic
An example of a freely movable joint.
Hip
The ____ functions as a fulcrum.
Joint
The most plentiful levers in the body are _____
Third class
A meatus is ______
A canal
The coronal and sagittal sutures meet at the _____
Fontanel
Bone marrow produces ____ red blood cells every minute.
2,000,000
The end of a long bone is called the ______
Epiphysis
The adductors of the thigh are ___ levers.
Third-class
The articulating surfaces of synovial joints are referred to as ____
Facets
A cavity or slight depression on the skull.
Fossa
The study of the skeletal system.
Osteology
The branch of surgery concerned with the skeletal system.
Orthopedics
Individual bone cells.
Osteocytes
Cells that release stored mineral nutrients from the bones and produce substances that break down bone tissue to remove tissue that isn’t needed.
Osteoclasts
_______ build bone cells, repair bone tissue and stores minerals for future use.
Osteoblasts
The hardest structure in the body; a calcified tissue that surrounds the pulp cavity of a tooth.
Dentine
The hard, dense outer layer of bone.
Compact bone
The interior of the ends of the bone that is less dense, porous material that contains spaces filled with bone marrow.
Spongy bone
The shaft of the long bone.
Diaphysis
The internal space in long bones.
Medullary cavity
A layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity of the long bone.
Endosteum
A specialized connective tissue that covers the outer bone surface and acts as a connector to the tendons.
Periosteum
The production of electrical polarization in the material in the bone caused by mechanical stress.
Piezoelectricity
The part of the skeleton which includes the skull, the hyoid, the bones of the thorax, and the vertebral column.
Axial skeleton
The part of the skeleton which includes the bones of the shoulders, hips, hands, legs and feet.
Appendicular skeleton
The phalanges are an example of what type of bone?
Short bone
The scapula, ilium and sternum are examples of what type of bone?
Flat bone
The tarsus in the foot is an example of what type of bone?
Cuboid bone
Another term for synarthrotic joint.
Fibrous joint
Pubic bones and the sacroiliac are examples of what type of joint?
Amphiarthrotic joint
Another term for amphiartrotic joint.
Cartilaginous joint
Fingers are examples of what type of joint?
Diarthrotic or synovial joint.
The hip and and shoulder joints are examples of what type of joint?
Ball-and-socket joint
The elbow, knee and ankle are examples of what type of joint?
Hinge joint
Intercarpals and intertarsals are examples of what type of joint?
Gliding joint
The wrist and atlas-occipital joint, where the head is attached to the body are examples of what type of joint?
Ellipsoid joint
The joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is an example of what type of joint?
Pivot joint
Muscles are connected to the bones with _____
Tendons
Bones are connected to bones with ____
Ligaments
A deep projection in a bone (bony landmark).
Arch
A duct or channel (bony landmark); such as in the ear.
Canal
Firm, smooth, resilient nonvascular tissue.
Cartilage
A rounded projection at the articulation of an extremity (bony landmark); such as the end of the humerus.
Condyle
A bony ridge (bony landmark); such as the top of the iliac.
Crest
A bony projection on either side of a condyle area, such as the distal end of the humerus; it serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
Epicondyle
A smooth plane surface, such as the articulation of the vertebrae.
Facet
A cleft or groove (bony landmark).
Fissure
An opening for nerves or other tissue to pass through (bony landmark).
Foramen
The large bony projection on the femur.
Greater trochanter
A furrow or channel (bony landmark).
Groove
The larger, thicker, heavier part of a bone.
Head
A long, narrow ridge (bony landmark).
Line
A natural passage or canal (bony landmark).
Meatus
A wide, shallow depression (bony landmark).
Notch
A projection (bony landmark).
Process
A cavity within an organ or area (bony landmark).
Sinus
A sharp, slender projection (bony landmark).
Spinous process
A groove along a bone that accommodates a nerve, tendon or blood vessel (bony landmark).
Sulcus
A knob, such as that found on the posterior surface of a rib at the articulation of the transverse process (bony landmark).
Tubercle
A rounded elevation (bony landmark).
Tuberosity
A line where the frontal section meets the two paritel sections of the skull.
Coronal suture
The general term for the eight bones of the head; together with the 14 bones of the face they make up the skull.
Cranium
The complex bone where the of factory nerves pass through the cranium.
Ethmoid
The junction in the skull where the coronal and Sagittal sutures meet; it is membranous at birth.
Fontanel
The forehead; the anterior part of the skull.
Frontal bone
The thin, curvy bones on the lateral sides of the nasal cavity.
Inferior nasal concha
The bone where the glands that secrete tears are located.
Lacrimal
The junction of the occipital and parietal bones.
Lambdoidal suture
The lower jaw bone
Mandible
A bony process located at the lateral side of the skull, behind the ear.
Mastoid
The upper jaw bone.
Maxilla
Bone pertaining to the nose.
Nasal
Referring to the back part of the head bones.
Occipital
Small bones of the ears.
Ossicles
A pair of bones located in the back of the mouth.
Palatine
Referring to the side bones of the skull.
Parietal
The suture between the two parietal bones.
Sagittal suture
A wedge-shaped bone in front of the occipital bone.
Sphenoid
The overlapping bone margins on the lateral side of the head.
Squamous suture
A large, irregular bone situated in the base and side of the head.
Temporal
The partitioning bone between the nostrils.
Vomer
The bone beneath the orbit forming the cheek.
Zygomatic
The first vertebra; the head sits on it.
Atlas
The second vertebra; allows side-to-side movement of the head.
Axis
The wrist bone.
Carpal
The collar bone.
Clavicle
The tail bone.
Coccyx
The thigh bone.
Femur
The smaller, outer lower leg bone.
Fibula
The upper arm bone.
Humerus
The hand bones between the wrist and the fingers.
Metacarpals
The mid-bones of the foot, in between the ankle and the toes.
Metatarsals
The kneecap.
Patella
The hip bones.
Pelvic girdle
The finger and toes bones.
Phalanges
The lower arm bone on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm.
Radius
Articulating from the spine, most of the bones that connect to the sternum to protect the thoracic organs.
Ribs
The shoulder blade.
Scapula
The breast bone.
Sternum
The larger, inner lower leg bone.
Tibia
The lower arm bone on the medial aspect (little finger side) of the forearm.
Ulna
The bones of the back (spinal column).
Vertebrae
How many vertebrae in the cervical spine?
7
How many vertebrae in the thoracic spine?
12
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
5
How many vertebrae are fused together to form the coccyx?
3-5
A posterior curvature of the thoracic spine, also called hunchback.
Kyphosis
A combination of a posterior curvature of the lumbar area and a lateral curvature.
Lordoscoliosis
An anterior curvature of the lumbar area of the spine, also called swayback.
Lordosis
A lateral curvature of the spine.
Scoliosis
The most common type of bone cancer.
Osteosarcoma
A cancer in the cartilage, usually around the pelvis or extremities, usually affects middle-aged adults.
Chondrosarcoma
The displacement of a bone from its normal location.
Dislocation
A partial displacement of one of the bones that comprises a joint.
Subluxation
A fracture in which the skin is broken and there is an open wound down to bone.
Compound fracture
A fracture in which the skin is intact at the break.
Closed fracture
An inflammation of the joints.
Arthritis
An inflammation of the bursa, the fluid-filled sac that lies between the bone and the tendon; caused by trauma or overuse.
Bursitis
Deterioration of the cartilage on the underside of the patella.
Chondromalacia
Recurring episodes of arthritis in the peripheral joints, usually the big toe caused by an excess of uric acid building up in the joint spaces.
Gout
An endocrine disorder in which too much calcium is removed from the bone and put into the blood, which in turn causes bone pain.
Hyperparathyroidism
Degeneration and eventual loss of the cartilage that serves as a cushion between the joints and bones.
Osteoarthritis
An inflammation of the bone caused by pus-producing organism; it may involve only superficial area but is capable of penetrating through the bone.
Osteomyelitis
Bone death resulting from poor blood supply to an area of bone.
Osteonecrosis
A disease in which the body loses bone marrow mass and replaces it with fibrous or vascular tissue.
Paget disease
A deterioration of the head of the femur at the hip joint caused by a lack of blood supply; usually occurs during childhood and primarily affects boys.
Perth disease
