9: Glucose Transport and Glycolysis Flashcards
Adipose tissue has fewer ____ reactions
amino acid
Muscle has few ____ metabolic reactions
lipid
4 major pathways of glucose utilization
- Structure: extracellular matrix, cell wall polysaccharides
- Storage: glycogen, starch, sucrose
- Oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway: ribose 5-phosphate
- Oxidation via glycolysis: pyruvate
SGLT
sodium-glucose linked transporter
GLUT
glucose transporter
Blood glucose and insulin levels are ___ after a meal
similar
Blood glucose and glucagon levels are ____ after a meal
opposite
Insulin promotes translocation of what?
GLUT4
What are the enzymes that convert glucose and ATP to glucose 6-P and ADP?
Non-liver: hexokinase
Liver: glucokinase
What is the normal resting level for glucose concentration?
5 mM
Hexokinase has a ___ affinity for glucose
high
Glucokinase has a ___ affinity for glucose
low
What protein further regulates use of glucose in the liver?
GK-RP
Glycolysis summary
Glucose to 2 pyruvate
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA to prepare for TCA cycle
What enzyme converts glucose to glucose 6-phosphate?
hexokinase
What enzyme converts fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?
phosphofructokinase
What inhibits phosphofructokinase?
ATP
What enzyme converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
glyceraldehyde 3P dehydrogenase
What enzyme converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?
pyruvate kinase
What enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate?
lactate dehydrogenase
What inhibits pyruvate kinase?
ATP
What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
What enzyme shuttles cytoplasmic NADH electrons to the ETC?
glycerol 3-phosphate
