5: Messengers, Kinases, and Phosphatases

Question 1

Kinases

Answer 1

use ATP to add a phosphate group to an OH group

Question 2

3 amino acids that can be phosphorylated

Answer 2

serine, threonine, tyrosine

Question 3

Phosphatases

Answer 3

remove the phosphate group from a protein

Question 4

What is protein kinase A composed of?

Answer 4

2 regulatory subunits and 2 inactive catalytic subunits

Question 5

What molecules activated protein kinase A?

Answer 5

cAMP

Question 6

What enzyme activated cAMP?

Answer 6

adenylate cyclase

Question 7

What enzyme inactivates cAMP by converting it to AMP?

Answer 7

cAMP phosphodiesterase

Question 8

MSH

Answer 8

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 9

MC1R

Answer 9

melanocortin 1 receptor

Question 10

Agouti

Answer 10

signaling peptide

Question 11

What coat color does activation of dopaquinone lead to?

Answer 11

black

Question 12

What coat color does inactivation of dopaquinone lead to?

Answer 12

red/yellow

Question 13

What coat color would a horse homozygous for a recessive MC1R mutation that prohibits MSH binding be?

Answer 13

chestnut

Question 14

What effect does the agouti gene have on a black horse?

Answer 14

bay

Question 15

What enzyme makes cGMP?

Answer 15

guanylate cyclase

Question 16

What activated guanylate cyclase?

Answer 16

nitric oxide

Question 17

Steps of intracellular Ca2+ signaling

Answer 17

1. Hormone binds to receptor activating a G protein
2. G protein activates the enzyme PLC
3. PLC cleaved PIP2 into IP3 and DAG
4. IP3 activated a Ca2+ channel on the ER, releasing Ca2+ into cytosol
5. DAG and Ca2+ activate protein kinase C