4: Hormones and Receptors

Question 1

Juxtacrine signaling

Answer 1

cell to cell signaling

Question 2

Endocrine signaling

Answer 2

hormone travels from one cell to another via the bloodstream

Question 3

Paracrine signaling

Answer 3

hormone travels from one cell to another via a local mediator

Question 4

Synaptic signaling

Answer 4

neurotransmitter reaches a target cell via a synapse

Question 5

What do pancreatic alpha cells synthesize?

Answer 5

glucagon (polypeptide)

Question 6

What do pancreatic beta cells synthesize?

Answer 6

insulin (polypeptide)

Question 7

What does the adrenal cortex synthesize?

Answer 7

cortisol (steroid)

Question 8

What does the adrenal medulla synthesize?

Answer 8

epinephrine (catecholamine)

Question 9

What does the thyroid gland synthesize?

Answer 9

thyroxine

Question 10

Where does hormone destruction typically occur?

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

T/F: All the receptors on a target cell must be bound by a hormone to achieve a maximum signaling response?

Answer 11

F

Question 12

What hormones use an intracellular recpetor?

Answer 12

cortisol, steroids, and thyroid hormones

Question 13

Do hydrophobic or hydrophilic hormones cross the plasma membrane easier?

Answer 13

hydrophobic

Question 14

What hormones use a cell surface receptor?

Answer 14

glucagon and epinephrine

Question 15

4 types of cell surface recpetors?

Answer 15

1. ligand-gated ion channels
2. enzyme-linked
3. cytokine
4. g-protein coupled

Question 16

Ligand-gated ion channel receptors

Answer 16

neurotransmitter binds to ligand which opens the channel to allow ions to pass

Question 17

Enzyme-linked receptors

Answer 17

enzyme binds to the 2 subunits of the inactive catalytic domain, causing an intracellular conformation change

Question 18

cytokine receptors

Answer 18

cytokine binds to a receptor, directly activating an intracellular enzyme

Question 19

G-protein coupled receptors

Answer 19

neurotransmitter or hormone binds to receptor, causing a conformation change inside, which allows a G protein to bind intracellularly to the receptor, activating it; the activated G protein can then leave to activate an enzyme

Question 20

What is the activated form of the GPCR bound to?

Answer 20

GTP

Question 21

What is the inactivated form of GPCR bound to?

Answer 21

GDP

Question 22

What is cyclic AMP derived from?

Answer 22

ATP