4: Neurons and Synapses

Question 1

Axodendritic synapse

Answer 1

between postsynaptic axons and dendrites

Question 2

Axosomatic synapse

Answer 2

between postsynaptic axons and cell body

Question 3

Axoaxonic synapse

Answer 3

between postsynaptic axons and axons

Question 4

3 features of NTs

Answer 4

1. stored in synaptic vesicles
2. get released when Ca+2 enters the axon terminal in response to an AP
3. act by binding to receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell

Question 5

4 examples of small molecule NTs

Answer 5

1. ACh
2. amines
3. amino acids
4. purines

Question 6

Neuropeptides as NTs

Answer 6

made up of 3 or more AAs and are synthesized in nerve cell body (ex. endorphins, vasopressins, oxytocin)

Question 7

Gaseous molecules as NTs

Answer 7

nitric oxide

Question 8

Endocannabinoids as NTs

Answer 8

substances produced within the body that interact with cannabinoid receptors, moderate appetite, pain sensation, mood, and memory

Question 9

NT in excitatory synapses

Answer 9

glutamate

Question 10

NT in inhibitory synapses

Answer 10

GABA

Question 11

Graded potentials use ___ gated channels

Answer 11

ligand

Question 12

Voltage potentials use ___ gated channels

Answer 12

voltage

Question 13

What ions are usually involved in GPs?

Answer 13

Na+, K+, Cl-

Question 14

What ions are usually involved in APs?

Answer 14

Na+ and K+

Question 15

How do local anesthetics work?

Answer 15

block voltage-gated Na+ channels preventing an AP blocking pain receptors

Question 16

What enzyme breaks down ACh in the synapse?

Answer 16

acetylcholinesterase

Question 17

Neuromodulators

Answer 17

chemicals or drugs used to regulate neurons and many NTs by influencing the likelihood of of an AP being produced

Question 18

Ionotropic receptor

Answer 18

ligand-gated activated ion channels, very quick physiological response

Question 19

Metabotropic receptor

Answer 19

involves a second messenger pathway, slower physiological response

Question 20

Tetanus

Answer 20

neurotoxin interferes with release of inhibitory NTs