4: Neurons and Synapses Flashcards
Axodendritic synapse
between postsynaptic axons and dendrites
Axosomatic synapse
between postsynaptic axons and cell body
Axoaxonic synapse
between postsynaptic axons and axons
3 features of NTs
- stored in synaptic vesicles
- get released when Ca+2 enters the axon terminal in response to an AP
- act by binding to receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell
4 examples of small molecule NTs
- ACh
- amines
- amino acids
- purines
Neuropeptides as NTs
made up of 3 or more AAs and are synthesized in nerve cell body (ex. endorphins, vasopressins, oxytocin)
Gaseous molecules as NTs
nitric oxide
Endocannabinoids as NTs
substances produced within the body that interact with cannabinoid receptors, moderate appetite, pain sensation, mood, and memory
NT in excitatory synapses
glutamate
NT in inhibitory synapses
GABA
Graded potentials use ___ gated channels
ligand
Voltage potentials use ___ gated channels
voltage
What ions are usually involved in GPs?
Na+, K+, Cl-
What ions are usually involved in APs?
Na+ and K+
How do local anesthetics work?
block voltage-gated Na+ channels preventing an AP blocking pain receptors
What enzyme breaks down ACh in the synapse?
acetylcholinesterase
Neuromodulators
chemicals or drugs used to regulate neurons and many NTs by influencing the likelihood of of an AP being produced
Ionotropic receptor
ligand-gated activated ion channels, very quick physiological response
Metabotropic receptor
involves a second messenger pathway, slower physiological response
Tetanus
neurotoxin interferes with release of inhibitory NTs
