9. DIGNITY

Question 1

1. What is Dignity?

Answer 1

• human dignity is the basic value of human beings
• it entitles them to respect
• it is the state, quality or manner that is worthy of
  esteem and respect
• it also revolves around respect of self

Question 2

2. Give one example of a time in history when Human Dignity was completely disrespected.

Answer 2

• The Holocaust
• this was a result of a series of Nazi experiments

Question 3

3. Who ran the Nazi Experiments on the Jewish population?

Answer 3

• Josef Mengele
• he was assigned to Auschwitz
• he performed research protocols using twins as his
  test subjects throughout the 1930s
• he performed a broad range of agonising and lethal
  experiments on these twins

Question 4

4. What happened to the World after the 1st and 2nd World Wars?

Answer 4

• the world was convulsed
• the war had given rise to immense aggression on the
  entitlements of a person
• this resulted in a dire need for human beings to be
  protected

Question 5

5. What two measures were put in place to protect human beings and their rights?

Answer 5

1. The Nuremberg Code
2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 6

6. What is meant by Dignity in Health Care?

Answer 6

• Medical Staff need to provide the kind of care that
  supports and promotes a person’s self respect
  regardless of any differences they may have
• a Medical Practitioner must always treat their patient
  as though they are somebody
• the Medical Practitioner should never act in a way that
  undermines a person’s self respect

Question 7

7. What aspects of an individual do we acknowledge and respect to uphold their dignity?

Answer 7

• respect
• autonomy
• privacy
• self worth

Question 8

8. What are the 4 Principles of Dignity?

Answer 8

1. Dignity in care is inseparable from the wider context
   of dignity as a whole
2. Dignity is about treating people as individuals
3. Dignity is not just about physical care
4. Dignity thrives in the context of equal power
   relationships

Question 9

9. In which situations is Human Dignity at risk?

Answer 9

• in sickness
• in decline towards death
• in childhood
• in the elderly
• in prison
• in people with disabilities
• in people lacking capacity

NB:
- these individuals are more vulnerable
- their rights can be more compromised

Question 10

10. When was the United Nations Organisation founded?

Answer 10

• in 1946
• there were delegations attending from the principal
  countries that were involved in World War II
• except for Germany
  (which was divided, weak and powerless at the time)

Question 11

11. When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved?

Answer 11

• it was approved on the 10 December 1948

Question 12

12. What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights used for?

Answer 12

• it is used to militate against the oppression of people
• especially minorities

Question 13

13. What does Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state?

Answer 13

Question 14

14. What does Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state?

Answer 14

Question 15

15. When was the National Laws and the UK Human Rights Act published?

Answer 15

• in 1998

Question 16

16. Which Human Rights are covered by the UK Human Rights Act?

Answer 16

Question 17

17. Who do Human Rights place a duty on?

Answer 17

• they place a duty on the State and Healthcare
  providers to comply with the minimum standards
• the rights impose moral and legal constraints on
  collective social goals
• health care is seen as a major ethical duty according to
  state provisions

Question 18

18. Who does ethics place a moral duty on?

Answer 18

• Ethics places a moral duty on individual doctors to
  comply with professional standards
• there is a focus on doctor-patient relationships
• the doctor’s duty is to take care

Question 19

19. What two aspects are complementary?

Answer 19

• Human Rights
• Medical Ethics

NB:
- both of these maximise the protection available to the
vulnerable patient

Question 20

20. What are Legal Rights?

Answer 20

• they are human rights in a National Legal Framework

Question 21

21. What does Civil Law concern itself with?

Answer 21

• it concerns itself with dealings between private
  individuals or groups

Question 22

22. What does Criminal Law concern itself with?

Answer 22

• it concerns itself with matters that are serious enough
  to be considered offences against the whole
  community

Question 23

23. What are the entitlements of the patient?

Answer 23

• they are entitled to a doctor to treat them
• the patient is a person
• each person is entitled to enjoy all human rights
• human dignity of the patient is upheld
• respect and recognition is given to the patient
• beneficence is made use of
• the doctor does good for their patient

Question 24

24. What are four examples of a Patient’s Rights being compromised?

Answer 24

• leaving a patient in soiled sheets
• leaving trays of food when the patient needs help to
  eat
• using excessive force to restrain someone in care
• not respecting the patient’s right to privacy

Question 25

25. Does this summary make sense?

Answer 25

• yes

Question 26

26. Answer these questions.

Answer 26

• you can answer them verbally or in written form