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MED 105- MEDICAL ETHICS > 9. DIGNITY > Flashcards

9. DIGNITY Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is Dignity?
A
  • human dignity is the basic value of human beings
  • it entitles them to respect
  • it is the state, quality or manner that is worthy of
    esteem and respect
  • it also revolves around respect of self
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2
Q
  1. Give one example of a time in history when Human Dignity was completely disrespected.
A
  • The Holocaust
  • this was a result of a series of Nazi experiments
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3
Q
  1. Who ran the Nazi Experiments on the Jewish population?
A
  • Josef Mengele
  • he was assigned to Auschwitz
  • he performed research protocols using twins as his
    test subjects throughout the 1930s
  • he performed a broad range of agonising and lethal
    experiments on these twins
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4
Q
  1. What happened to the World after the 1st and 2nd World Wars?
A
  • the world was convulsed
  • the war had given rise to immense aggression on the
    entitlements of a person
  • this resulted in a dire need for human beings to be
    protected
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5
Q
  1. What two measures were put in place to protect human beings and their rights?
A
  1. The Nuremberg Code
  2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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6
Q
  1. What is meant by Dignity in Health Care?
A
  • Medical Staff need to provide the kind of care that
    supports and promotes a person’s self respect
    regardless of any differences they may have
  • a Medical Practitioner must always treat their patient
    as though they are somebody
  • the Medical Practitioner should never act in a way that
    undermines a person’s self respect
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7
Q
  1. What aspects of an individual do we acknowledge and respect to uphold their dignity?
A
  • respect
  • autonomy
  • privacy
  • self worth
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8
Q
  1. What are the 4 Principles of Dignity?
A
  1. Dignity in care is inseparable from the wider context
    of dignity as a whole
  2. Dignity is about treating people as individuals
  3. Dignity is not just about physical care
  4. Dignity thrives in the context of equal power
    relationships
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9
Q
  1. In which situations is Human Dignity at risk?
A
  • in sickness
  • in decline towards death
  • in childhood
  • in the elderly
  • in prison
  • in people with disabilities
  • in people lacking capacity

NB:
- these individuals are more vulnerable
- their rights can be more compromised

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10
Q
  1. When was the United Nations Organisation founded?
A
  • in 1946
  • there were delegations attending from the principal
    countries that were involved in World War II
  • except for Germany
    (which was divided, weak and powerless at the time)
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11
Q
  1. When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved?
A
  • it was approved on the 10 December 1948
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12
Q
  1. What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights used for?
A
  • it is used to militate against the oppression of people
  • especially minorities
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13
Q
  1. What does Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state?
A
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14
Q
  1. What does Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state?
A
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15
Q
  1. When was the National Laws and the UK Human Rights Act published?
A
  • in 1998
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16
Q
  1. Which Human Rights are covered by the UK Human Rights Act?
A
17
Q
  1. Who do Human Rights place a duty on?
A
  • they place a duty on the State and Healthcare
    providers to comply with the minimum standards
  • the rights impose moral and legal constraints on
    collective social goals
  • health care is seen as a major ethical duty according to
    state provisions
18
Q
  1. Who does ethics place a moral duty on?
A
  • Ethics places a moral duty on individual doctors to
    comply with professional standards
  • there is a focus on doctor-patient relationships
  • the doctor’s duty is to take care
19
Q
  1. What two aspects are complementary?
A
  • Human Rights
  • Medical Ethics

NB:
- both of these maximise the protection available to the
vulnerable patient

20
Q
  1. What are Legal Rights?
A
  • they are human rights in a National Legal Framework
21
Q
  1. What does Civil Law concern itself with?
A
  • it concerns itself with dealings between private
    individuals or groups
22
Q
  1. What does Criminal Law concern itself with?
A
  • it concerns itself with matters that are serious enough
    to be considered offences against the whole
    community
23
Q
  1. What are the entitlements of the patient?
A
  • they are entitled to a doctor to treat them
  • the patient is a person
  • each person is entitled to enjoy all human rights
  • human dignity of the patient is upheld
  • respect and recognition is given to the patient
  • beneficence is made use of
  • the doctor does good for their patient
24
Q
  1. What are four examples of a Patient’s Rights being compromised?
A
  • leaving a patient in soiled sheets
  • leaving trays of food when the patient needs help to
    eat
  • using excessive force to restrain someone in care
  • not respecting the patient’s right to privacy
25
Q
  1. Does this summary make sense?
A
  • yes
26
Q
  1. Answer these questions.
A
  • you can answer them verbally or in written form

MED 105- MEDICAL ETHICS (36 decks)

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