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MED 105- MEDICAL ETHICS > 26. ORGAN DONATION > Flashcards

26. ORGAN DONATION Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Approximately how many lives can one organ donor save?
A
  • they can save up to 8 lives
  • they can improve the quality of over 50 peoples lives if
    they donate their tissues and eyes
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2
Q
  1. Define Organ Transplantation?
A
  • it is a surgical replacement
  • it replaces a malfunctioning organ with another
    functional one

IN OTHER WORDS:
- it is the transfer and engraftment of human cells,
tissues or organs from a donor to a recipient
- with the aim of restoring functions in the body

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3
Q
  1. Name the 3 different kinds of human body grafts?
A
  1. Auto-grafts
  2. Allo-grafts
  3. Xeno-grafts
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4
Q
  1. What are Auto-grafts?
A
  • these are a type of graft that originates from the
    recipient themselves

EXAMPLE:
- the patient has skin removed from one part of their
body and added to another part

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5
Q
  1. What are Allo-grafts?
A
  • they are transplants
  • they occur between genetically different individuals
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6
Q
  1. What are Xeno-grafts?
A
  • these are a type of a type of graft in which living animal
    organs and tissues are transplanted to humans
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7
Q
  1. What are the 2 main types of Organ Donation?
A
  1. Living Donation
  2. Deceased Donation
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8
Q
  1. What is Living Donation?
A
  • this is when a living patient will consent to donating a
    single organ
  • or a part of their organ
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9
Q
  1. What are the 2 subcategories of living donation?
A
  1. Living Related
  2. Living Unrelated
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10
Q
  1. What is Living Related Donation?
A
  • this is when an individual donates their organ to a
    family member
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11
Q
  1. What is Living Unrelated Donation?
A
  • this is when an individual donates their organ to a
    non-family member
  • this is sometimes a part of a paired or polled donation
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12
Q
  1. What are the 2 subcategories of Deceased Donation?
A
  1. Donation after brain death
  2. Donation after circulatory death
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13
Q
  1. What is Donation after Brain Death?
A
  • this is when a patient allows for their organs to be
    donated after death
  • their death was caused by a neurological issue
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14
Q
  1. What is Donation after Circulatory Death?
A
  • this is when a patient allows for their organs to be
    donated after death
  • their death can be caused by an issue with their
    circulatory system
  • this happens after withdrawal from mechanical
    ventilation

NB:
- this is known as a non-heart beating donation

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15
Q
  1. Define what it means to be brain dead?
A
  • this is when there is an irreversible loss of brainstem
    function
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16
Q
  1. What are some symptoms of Brain Death according to the NHS?
A
  1. A PERSON IS UNCONSCIOUS
    - they fail to respond t outside stimulation
  2. A PERSON’S HEARTBEAT AND BREATHING
    - can only be maintained using a ventilator
  3. THERE MUST BE CLEAR EVIDENCE
    - that serious brain damage has occured
    - this cannot be cured
17
Q
  1. What are two major issues of Deceased Donation?
A
  1. Notions of Personhood
  2. Cultural and Religious Orders
18
Q
  1. What is meant by: “Notions of Personhood”?
A
  • different cultures and countries have different
    approaches to what it means to be a person

UK APPROACH:
- a person ceases to exist when they have lost the
capacity to have consciousness

THIS MEANS THAT:
- the human organism dies only when it ceases to
function in an integrated way

19
Q
  1. What is meant by: “Cultural and Religious Orders”?
A
  • different cultures and religions have different views
    regarding life after death

DEATH RITUALS:
- and ways of attending to the dead body
- signify a good death

THESE DEATH RITUALS COULD INCLUDE:
- burials
- cremations

20
Q
  1. What is the significance of Burials?
A
  • they take place as quickly as possible
  • this is very prevalent in Jewish and Hindu cultures
21
Q
  1. What do Christian and Buddhist communities tend to do with the body after death?
A
  • they tend to keep it in tact and allow for it to be viewed
    by family or friends
  • they will then bury it or cremate it
22
Q
  1. How does Catholicism view Organ Donation?
A
  • they see it as a noble and meritorious act
  • it is encouraged as an expression of solidarity and
    generosity
23
Q
  1. How does Buddhism view Organ Donation?
A
  • giving is one of our greatest virtues as individuals
  • the Buddha was always known to give
  • the Buddhist ways encourage Altruism
24
Q
  1. How does Hinduism view Organ Donation?
A
  • organ donation is consistent with Hindu Beliefs as it
    can help to save the lives of others
25
Q
  1. How does Islam view Organ Donation?
A
  • organ donation is viewed as generous
  • it is encouraged
  • you would want someone to do the same for you
26
Q
  1. How does Judaism view Organ Donation?
A
  • if you save one life
  • it is as though you have saved an entire world
  • it is encouraged

MED 105- MEDICAL ETHICS (36 decks)

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