26. ORGAN DONATION Flashcards
1
Q
- Approximately how many lives can one organ donor save?
A
- they can save up to 8 lives
- they can improve the quality of over 50 peoples lives if
they donate their tissues and eyes
2
Q
- Define Organ Transplantation?
A
- it is a surgical replacement
- it replaces a malfunctioning organ with another
functional one
IN OTHER WORDS:
- it is the transfer and engraftment of human cells,
tissues or organs from a donor to a recipient
- with the aim of restoring functions in the body
3
Q
- Name the 3 different kinds of human body grafts?
A
- Auto-grafts
- Allo-grafts
- Xeno-grafts
4
Q
- What are Auto-grafts?
A
- these are a type of graft that originates from the
recipient themselves
EXAMPLE:
- the patient has skin removed from one part of their
body and added to another part
5
Q
- What are Allo-grafts?
A
- they are transplants
- they occur between genetically different individuals
6
Q
- What are Xeno-grafts?
A
- these are a type of a type of graft in which living animal
organs and tissues are transplanted to humans
7
Q
- What are the 2 main types of Organ Donation?
A
- Living Donation
- Deceased Donation
8
Q
- What is Living Donation?
A
- this is when a living patient will consent to donating a
single organ - or a part of their organ
9
Q
- What are the 2 subcategories of living donation?
A
- Living Related
- Living Unrelated
10
Q
- What is Living Related Donation?
A
- this is when an individual donates their organ to a
family member
11
Q
- What is Living Unrelated Donation?
A
- this is when an individual donates their organ to a
non-family member - this is sometimes a part of a paired or polled donation
12
Q
- What are the 2 subcategories of Deceased Donation?
A
- Donation after brain death
- Donation after circulatory death
13
Q
- What is Donation after Brain Death?
A
- this is when a patient allows for their organs to be
donated after death - their death was caused by a neurological issue
14
Q
- What is Donation after Circulatory Death?
A
- this is when a patient allows for their organs to be
donated after death - their death can be caused by an issue with their
circulatory system - this happens after withdrawal from mechanical
ventilation
NB:
- this is known as a non-heart beating donation
15
Q
- Define what it means to be brain dead?
A
- this is when there is an irreversible loss of brainstem
function
16
Q
- What are some symptoms of Brain Death according to the NHS?
A
- A PERSON IS UNCONSCIOUS
- they fail to respond t outside stimulation - A PERSON’S HEARTBEAT AND BREATHING
- can only be maintained using a ventilator - THERE MUST BE CLEAR EVIDENCE
- that serious brain damage has occured
- this cannot be cured
17
Q
- What are two major issues of Deceased Donation?
A
- Notions of Personhood
- Cultural and Religious Orders
18
Q
- What is meant by: “Notions of Personhood”?
A
- different cultures and countries have different
approaches to what it means to be a person
UK APPROACH:
- a person ceases to exist when they have lost the
capacity to have consciousness
THIS MEANS THAT:
- the human organism dies only when it ceases to
function in an integrated way
19
Q
- What is meant by: “Cultural and Religious Orders”?
A
- different cultures and religions have different views
regarding life after death
DEATH RITUALS:
- and ways of attending to the dead body
- signify a good death
THESE DEATH RITUALS COULD INCLUDE:
- burials
- cremations
20
Q
- What is the significance of Burials?
A
- they take place as quickly as possible
- this is very prevalent in Jewish and Hindu cultures
21
Q
- What do Christian and Buddhist communities tend to do with the body after death?
A
- they tend to keep it in tact and allow for it to be viewed
by family or friends - they will then bury it or cremate it
22
Q
- How does Catholicism view Organ Donation?
A
- they see it as a noble and meritorious act
- it is encouraged as an expression of solidarity and
generosity
23
Q
- How does Buddhism view Organ Donation?
A
- giving is one of our greatest virtues as individuals
- the Buddha was always known to give
- the Buddhist ways encourage Altruism
24
Q
- How does Hinduism view Organ Donation?
A
- organ donation is consistent with Hindu Beliefs as it
can help to save the lives of others
25
Q
- How does Islam view Organ Donation?
A
- organ donation is viewed as generous
- it is encouraged
- you would want someone to do the same for you
26
Q
- How does Judaism view Organ Donation?
A
- if you save one life
- it is as though you have saved an entire world
- it is encouraged
