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MED 105- MEDICAL ETHICS > 36. DIVERSITY > Flashcards

36. DIVERSITY Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. According to the Human Rights Act of 1998 (UK) and the European Convention of Human Rights, What are some basic Human Rights?
A
  1. Right to life
  2. Prohibition of Torture
  3. Right to Liberty and Security
  4. Right to respect for private and family life
  5. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
  6. Freedom of expression
  7. Prohibition of Discrimination
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2
Q
  1. How do Human Rights relate to Health Care?
A
  1. RIGHT TO LIFE
    - provide the best possible quality of care
    - this is in order to protect the life of humans
  2. RIGHT TO LIBERTY AND SECURITY
    - the patient has the liberty to chose how they are to be
    treated
    - they have the autonomy
  3. PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION
    - all the patients should be treated equally
    - this relates to the principle of Justice
  4. FREEDOM OF THOUGHT, CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION
    - we should respect the religious and cultural beliefs of
    our patients
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3
Q
  1. Which Human Rights relate to diversity and culture?
A
  1. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
  2. Right to respect private and family life
  3. Freedom of expression
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4
Q
  1. Define: Diversity.
A
  • these are all the characteristics that make people
    unique

THESE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE:
- cognitive traits
- personality traits
- lifestyle
- cultural background
- religious background
- sexual orientation
- skills
- experiences

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5
Q
  1. Define: Culture.
A

THIS IS A SHARED FRAMEWORK OF:
- values
- beliefs
- attitudes
- behaviour
- this informs others of how individuals live their lifes

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR PEOPLE:
- to be immersed into a culture from an early age
- this culture becomes their Second Nature

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6
Q
  1. Define: Cultural Competence.
A
  • this is the ability of a healthcare provider to function
    effectively
  • when dealing with the cultural differences of the
    clients that they are treating
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7
Q
  1. What are the three commitments associated with Cultural Competence?
A
  1. To accept the importance of the culture
  2. To understand the influence of culture on health
  3. To develop interventions
    - that will provide the best possible care
    - while still being sensitive to cultural differences
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8
Q
  1. What are the advantages of of being aware of a patient’s background?
A
  1. TAKING THE PATIENT’S HISTORY
    - by considering their cultural background
  2. UNDERSTANDING THE PATIENT’S PERSPECTIVE
    BETTER
    - this helps us to understand what works best for the
    patient
  3. SHOWING UNDERSTANDING TO THE PATIENT
  4. INVOLVING THE PATIENT IN THIS PROCESS
    - this allows us to make a Shared-Decision
  5. ESTABLISHING A BETTER RAPPORT AND TRUST WITH
    THE PATIENT
    - this ensures a good doctor-patient relationship
  6. PROVIDING THE BEST CARE FOR THE PATIENT
    - based on the four main principles of Ethics
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9
Q
  1. What is Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)?
A
  • it involves specific products and practices
  • these are not part of the standard medical care

NB:
- the use of Complementary and Alternative medicine
has increased in recent times

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10
Q
  1. What are some examples of Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
A
  • herbal medicine
  • meditation
  • acupuncture
  • massages
  • aromatherapy
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11
Q
  1. Why do people make use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
A
  • they have positive health outcomes
  • people trust these practices
  • people feel satisfied receiving this treatment
  • there is an emphasis on the person as a whole
  • there is an emphasis on the person’s autonomy
  • these treatments are more natural
  • they deal with symptoms and causes
  • they improve the quality of life
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12
Q
  1. What are the four principles of Medical Ethics?
A
  1. Autonomy
  2. Justice
  3. Beneficence
  4. Non-Maleficence
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13
Q
  1. Define: Autonomy.
A
  • this is the expression of thought, intention and action
  • these are often influenced by culture
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14
Q
  1. Define: Justice.
A
  • this is the provision of care
  • this care is provided regardless of the patient’s cultural
    differences
  • the patient’s cultural background is taken into
    consideration when making any kind of medical
    decision
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15
Q
  1. Define: Beneficence.
A
  • this is to to do good for the patient
  • by considering the patient’s individual circumstances

THE AIM OF BENEFICENCE:
- is to promote the welfare of the patient
- taking into account the cultural background and
diversity regarding the patient

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16
Q
  1. Define: Non-Maleficence.
A
  • this is to do good to the patient
  • it takes into account the patient’s individual
    circumstances
  • it considers the patient’s background

MED 105- MEDICAL ETHICS (36 decks)

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